Ch 11 Nervous System Flashcards
The general types of cells that make up the nervous system are _______ and _________ cells
Neurons ; glial cells
The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the_______ and the _________ nervous systems
Central (CNS) and Peripheral (PNS)
The subdivision of the nervous system that consists of nerve tissue external to the central nervous system is the ______ nervous system
Peripheral
The division of the nervous system that is responsible for processing, integrating, storing and responding to information is the ________ nervous system
Central
Select all of the cell types that are components of the nervous system.
• Neurons
• Neurite
• Myoglia
• Glial Cells
Neurons ; glial cells
The sensory division is also known as the ________ division of the nervous system
Afferent
The motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the __________ subdivisions
A. Autonomic and somatic
B. Afferent and Efferent
A. Autonomic and somatic
The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is also called the _____ division
A. Sensory
B. Motor
B. Motor
The somatic nervous system is the sub-division of the efferent division that transmits electrical impulses from_______
A.) the CNS towards cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
B.) the CNS towards skeletal muscle
C.) receptors towards the CNS
B.) The CNS towards skeletal muscle
The division of the motor nervous system that is under involuntary control and innervates glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle is the ______ division
Autonomic
The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system is also called the ______ division
A) Motor
B) Sensory
B) Sensory
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are subdivisions of the _______
A.) efferent division
B.) central nervous system
C.) Afferent division
A.) efferent division
The motor division is synonymous with the ______ division of the nervous system
Efferent
Which cell type accounts for over half of the brain’s weight and outnumbers neurons by 10 to 50 times?
Glial cells
The somatic nervous system is ________ division of the motor division
A.) an involuntary
B.) a voluntary
B.) a voluntary
The self-governing division of the motor division of the nervous system is the _______ nervous system
A.) somatic
B.) autonomic
B.) autonomic
Which part of a neuron makes proteins and packages them into vesicles?
The cell body
Niss bodies in neurons are the primary site of ________ synthesis
A) lipid
B) myelin
C) DNA
D) protein
E) RNA
D) Protein
The highly branched cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron cell body that are specialized to receive input and conduct signals called toward the cell body are called what?
Dendrites
Dendritic spines are _____ of dendrites
A) vesicles
B.) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) small extensions
C.) small extensions
An axon hillock transitions into the _______ segment of an axon
A) First
B) Intial
C) Primary
D) Opening
B) intial
The point of contact between an axon and its target is called a(n)
A) synapse
B) Z line
C) intercalated disk
A) synapse
What substance fills synaptic vesicles?
Neurotransmitter substances
Neurons that are found between an afferent pathway and an efferent pathway are called
Interneurons
A synapse is a _____ between two cells
Junction
Afferent neurons carry information _______ the CNS
A) toward
B) away from
A) toward the CNS
In the nervous system, the term _______ refers to signal conduction from the CNS to effectors.
A) efferent
B) Afferent
C) association
A) efferent
Branched cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron that receive input and transmit signals toward the cell body are
Dendrites
What are the structural types of neurons? (Hint 3 answers)
Multipolar neuron, pseudo- unipolar and bipolar neuron
What are the four types of CNS glial cells?
1.) astrocytes
2.) ependymal cells
3.) microglia
4) oligodendrocytes
The star-shaped neuroglia with cytoplasmic processes extending outward from the cell body are
Astrocytes
True or false: Motor neurons transmit nerve signals toward the CNS.
False
Schwann cells and satellite cells are examples of neuroglial cells in the _____ nervous system
A) peripheral
B) central
A) peripheral
What is the name of the gaps found between segments of myelin along an axon?
Nodes of Ranvier
There are several types of support cells within the nervous system. As a group, these support cells are called __________ cells.
Glial cells
Glial cells that form processes which extend to blood vessels are ____
A) microglia
B) astrocytes
C) satellite cells
D)oligodendrocytes
B) astrocytes
The knotlike swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are found is called a ______
Ganglion
The electrical signals that are propagated along axons, regulating and coordinating body activities, are known as _________
action potentials
Electrically excitable cells use the difference of ________ across the cell membrane to carry out their functions
A. chemicals
B. Hormones
C. Proteins
D. Ions
D. Ions
True or false: The potential difference is caused by a difference in concentration of charged particles on either side of the cell membrane
True
A cell is not stimulated but it does contain an electrical charge difference across its membrane. This charge difference is its __________
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization of charge
C. Resting Membrane Potential
D. Hyper polarization
C. Resting Membrane Potential
Excitable cells operate through the movement of ions across ______
A. The nucleus
B. The cytoplasm
C. The plasma membrane
D. Mitochondria
C. The plasma membrane
When the resting membrane potential becomes more _______ the condition is referred to as hyperpolarization
A. Positive
B. Negative
B. negative
When Na+ channels open, what happens to the Nations?
Na+ diffuses into the cell.
Resting membrane potential is measured using a(n)
oscilloscope
During an action potential, depolarization is due to _______ ions _______ the cell
A. Calcium; leaving
B. Potassium; entering
C. Potassium; leaving
D. Sodium; entering
E. Sodium; leaving
D. Sodium; entering
As the strength of a stimulus increases, the magnitude of a graded potential will ________
A. Stay the same
B. Decrease
C. Increase
C. Increase
During a resting membrane potential, sodium-voltage gated channels are closed OR open?
Closed
Sodium ions move into a neuron during _______
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization
A. Depolarization
True or false: Once achieved, a single action potential can travel the distance of the entire axon of the neuron
False
A refractory period is a time in which the plasma membrane becomes ___ to further stimulation
A. More sensitive
B. Less sensitive
B. Less sensitive
The tvpe of action potential conduction in an unmyelinated axon is _________ conduction
Continuous
