Ch. 11: mother's & infants Flashcards
Disparities in IMR
persist between ethnic groups and between poor and non-poor infants.
Failure to improve IMR
attributed to # of infants born with low birthweights, not lack of access to healthcare.
primary indicators of infant’s future health status
birthweight
length of gestation
reducing incidence of low birthweight
address poverty, poor nutrition, and low level of educational achievement
maternal mortality
black wmen have more than a 3x greater risk of dying than white women.
IMR: black/white infants
black: 13.3
white: 5.6
failure to thrive
infant whose weight-for-length falls below the 5th percentile
WIC program assumptions
- inadequate nutritional intakes/health behaviors of women, infants, an children make them vulnerable to adverse health outcomes.
- nutritional interventions can prevent health probs & improve health status of participants
WIC foods
iron fortified infant formula/ infant cereal, iron fortified breakfast cereal, vitamin C rich fruit or vegetable juice, eggs, dry beans, cheese, peanut butter, milk, canned fish, fruits and vegetables.
2009 WIC foods
whole grain tortillas, brown rice, soy beverages, tofu, wider choice of fruits and vegetables, canned fish, and baby foods.
What distinguishes WIC from other federal food assistance programs?
combination of:
- supplementary foods
- nutrition education
- preventative health care
WIC benefits
-improved dietary quality
-more efficient food purchasing
-better use of health services
improved maternal, fetal, and child health/development.
WIC Works
- not an entitlement program
- reaches 80% of those eligible
- barriers to participation: lack of gov’t funding, absence of child care, no time/money to travel to clinic, etc.
How are WIC vacancies filled?
in order of proproty to ensure program resources are allocated to those at greatest nutritional risk.
Title V
Maternal and Child health program (under DHHS)
-only federal program concerned exclusively w/ mothers, infants, and children
goals of Title V
- reduce infant mortality;
- improve child/maternal health;
- provide services and programs; -facilitates to locate, diagnose, and treat children w/ special health care needs or at risk for physical/developmental disabilities.
Operating areas under Title V
- maternal and infant care
- intensive infant care
- family planning
- healthcare for children and youth
- dental care for children
What is provided by Title V
nutrition assessments, dietary counseling, nutrition education, and referral to food assistant programs
Medicaid and EPSDT
mandatory service that provides medical services not typically found under current medicaid program.
EPSDT
early, screening, periodic, diagnostic, and treatment
Early PSDT
assessing/identifying problems early
E Periodic SDT
checking health at periodic, age appropriate intervals
EP Screening DT
physical, mental, developmental, dental, hearing, vision, etc. to determine potential probs
EPS Diagnostic T
performing diagnostic tests to follow up when a risk is identified
EPSD Treatment
control, correct or reduce health problems found.
Health Center Program
designed to provide health services and related training in medically under-served areas
Focus of Health Center Program
focuses on comprehensive primary care services.
The Healthy Start Program
specializes in outreach and home visits
Goals of The Healthy Start Program
to reduce infant mortality and improve the health of low-income women, infants, and children and their families.
