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MSK > Ch 11 MDT Spine > Flashcards

Ch 11 MDT Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Pathologic process affecting the nerve root

A

Radiculopathy

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2
Q

Clinical condition that involves neck, shoulder, or arm pain

Muscle weakness

Sensory changes

Diminished deep tendon reflexes

A

Cervical Radiculopathy

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3
Q

Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy is usually the result of:

A

Cervical spondylosis

Nonspecific degenerative changes of spine

Aging

Bony growth/remodeling

Osteophyte formation

Irritation of nerve root

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4
Q

Nucleus pulposus prolapse from intervertebral disc

Irritate nerve if compression

A

Disc Herniation

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5
Q

Increases the risk of Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy

A

Diabetes

Nerve root infarction

Nerve root avulsion

Infections

Cancer

Demyelination syndromes (Guillain barre)

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6
Q

Symptoms:

  • Neck, shoulder, or arm pain
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Sensory changes
  • Deep tendon reflexes
  • Headaches

Cervical Lordosis reduced

Tenderness to spinous process or paraspinal muscles

Pain is reproduceable

A

Cervical / Lumbar Radiculopathy

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7
Q

Neurovascular exam for Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy should include:

A

Asses C5-T1 nerve roots for weakness

Assess upper extremity DTR’s

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8
Q

Special tests for Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy

A

Spurling

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9
Q

Treatment for Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy

A

Spontaneous resolution in weeks to a couple months

NSAIDs, Tylenol, muscle relaxers

PT or Chiropractor (rehab, traction)

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10
Q

Ligamentous, facet joints, muscular, disc injury

Self-limiting

Commonly from whiplash mechanism

A

Neck Sprain (Cervical Strain)

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11
Q

Non-radicular, non-focal neck pain from the base of the skull to the cervicothoracic junction (Trapezius and SCM)

Worse with ROM

Paraspinal Spasm

Occipital headaches

Irritability, fatigue, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating

  • No deformities
  • Tenderness to Palpation in involved areas
A

Neck Sprain (Cervical Strain)

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12
Q

Treatment for Neck Sprain (Cervical Strain)

A

Soft cervical collar for 1-2 weeks and reassurance

NSAIDs and Muscle relaxants

Massage, manipulation, and cervical traction

Return to activities as soon as possible

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13
Q

Most common cause of disability in people under 45

2nd most common primary care complain

A

Back pain

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14
Q

Acute back pain lasts up to ___ weeks

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

Subacute back pain lasts up to ____ weeks

A

4-12 weeks

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16
Q

Chronic back pain lasts over ___ weeks

A

12 weeks

17
Q

Back pain in the absence of a condition that can be readily diagnosed

Accounts for majority of back pain encounters

Usually due to musculoskeletal cause

Usually improves in less than four weeks

A

Nonspecific Back pain

18
Q

Weakening of bones in the spine causes a fracture

Risk factors include older age and chronic steroid use

A

Vertebral compression fracture

19
Q

Back pain is rarely a systemic disease, as in:

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Metastatic Cancer

Infection

Abscess

Vertebral osteomyelitis

20
Q

Compression of the lumbosacral nerves

Affects nerve roots of the spinal cord itself

  • Saddle anesthesia
  • Loss of bowel/bladder function
  • Lower extremity weakness
A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

21
Q

Most common cancer to metastasize to bone includes:

A

Breast

Prostate

Lung

Kidney

Thyroid

22
Q

Risk factors of metastatic cancers

A

Family History

Social History

Past Medical History

23
Q

Alarming symptoms of metastatic cancers

A

Unexplained weight loss

Night pain

Night sweats

History of cancer

Risk factors of malignancy (family hx, social hx, PMHx)

24
Q

Back pain from infection can be caused from:

A

Epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis

25
Q

Treatment for back pain

A

Control pain, reassurance

Activity/lifestyle modification

Early mobility

Core stabilization through rehab

26
Q

Over time, fissures develop on annulus fibrosis

Nucleus pulposus contents herniate

Pain from mechanical compression or chemical irritation of nerve root

A

Herniated disc

27
Q

Abrupt or gradual onset

Unilateral radicular leg pain

Aggravated be various factors

Possible neurologic involvement

  • L4-L5, L5-S1 distribution
  • L1-L4 refers pain to anterior thigh
A

Herniated disc

28
Q

Focal tenderness

Limited ROM

Muscle test: Weakness

Numbness

A

Herniated disc

29
Q

Special tests for Herniated disc

A

Seated and supine straight leg raise

Cross straight leg raise

30
Q

Treatment for Herniated disc

A

Control pain

Activity/lifestyle modification

Rehabilitation

Consider Chiropractor / Physical Therapy

31
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine that is more than 10 degrees in an adult

A

Scoliosis

32
Q

Scoliosis

Up to __% of adults will have progression of the curvature

A

70%

33
Q

Lumbar scoliosis greater than ___ degrees

Thoracic scoliosis greater than ___ degrees

Is disqualifying

A

20

30

34
Q

Treatment for Scoliosis

A

Management through physical therapy

35
Q

Referral for Scoliosis if:

A

Radicular pain

Severe spinal deformity

Neurologic deficits

MSK (14 decks)

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