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MSK > Ch 1 & Ch2 A&P/Intro > Flashcards

Ch 1 & Ch2 A&P/Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Six Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support

Protection

Movement

Mineral homeostasis

Blood Cell Production

Triglyceride Storage

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2
Q

Types of bones:

Thigh, leg, arm, fingers, toes

A

Long Bones

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3
Q

Types of bones:

Wrist and ankle bones

A

Short Bones

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4
Q

Types of bones:

Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae

A

Flat Bones

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5
Q

Types of bones:

Vertebrae, Facial bones

A

Irregular bones

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6
Q

Part of a long bone:

The Shaft

A

Diaphysis

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7
Q

Ends of the long bone

A

Epiphyses

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8
Q

Contains the growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

Located between the shaft and end of bone

A

Metaphyses

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9
Q

Bone building cells

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

Maintain bone

Exchange nutrients and waste with blood

These are osteoblasts encased in matrix they build

A

Osteocytes

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11
Q

Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

Joints are classified based on their:

A

Structure

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13
Q

Different Structures of joints

A

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

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14
Q

Types of joints:

No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibrous joints

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15
Q

Types of joints:

No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

Types of joints:

Have synovial cavity and many other components such as ligaments

A

Synovial joints

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17
Q

Examples of fibrous joints

A

Sutures of the skull

Intraosseous membrane

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18
Q

Dense irregular tissue between long bones

  • Radius-ulna
  • Tibia-fibula
A

Interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Space containing fluid

A

Synovial cavity

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20
Q

Cartilage that reduces friction between bones for synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage

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21
Q

Synovial joints:

Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly

A

Articular discs (menisci)

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22
Q

Sacs that contain synovial fluid

Located where friction can occur, decreases friction

A

Bursae

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23
Q

Structure of Synovial Joints

A

Synovial Cavity

Articular Cartilage

Ligaments

Synovial membrane

Accessory ligaments

Articular discs

Bursae

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24
Q

Joints that are convex to concave surfaces

Allow flexion and extension only

A

Hinge Joints

25
Q

Composed of connective tissue

Connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

26
Q

Tough band of fibrous connective tissue

Function to connect muscle to bone

A

Tendons

27
Q

Skeletal muscle contracts and moves bones via:

A

Tendons

28
Q

Covers ends of bones

Absorbs shock

Reduces friction

A

Cartilage

29
Q

Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement

  • Between the skin and bone
  • Between tendons and bones
  • Between muscles and bones
  • Between ligaments and bones
A

Bursa

30
Q

Type of muscle:

Movement of bones/body parts
Stabilize body positions

A

Skeletal muscle

31
Q

Type of muscle:

Heart only
Develops pressure for blood flow

A

Cardiac muscle

32
Q

Types of muscle:

Located in the GI Tract

A

Smooth muscle

33
Q

Four major functions of muscles

A

Produce body movements

Stabilize body positions

Store and move substances

Produce heat

34
Q

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

A

Flexion

35
Q

Increase in angle between articulating bones

A

Extension

36
Q

Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane

A

Hyperextension

37
Q

Movement of bone away from the midline

A

Abduction

38
Q

Movement of bone toward the midline

A

Adduction

39
Q

Movement of distal end in a circle

A

Circumduction

40
Q

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

41
Q

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

A

Inversion

42
Q

Movement of the soles of the foot laterally

A

Eversion

43
Q

Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)

A

Dorsiflexion

44
Q

Bending the foot toward the plantar surfaces (Standing on toes)

A

Plantarflexion

45
Q

Movement of forearm so palms face forward or upward

A

Supination

46
Q

Movement of the forearms so palms face backward or downward

A

Pronation

47
Q

_____ results from pain, disease to the muscle or damage to the motor neuron

A

Atrophy

48
Q

Results from injury to muscle’s motor neuron

A

Fasciculations

49
Q

Examine _____ range of motion if unable to complete active range of motion

A

Passive

50
Q

Passive range of motion typically exceeds active range of motion by __ degrees

A

5

51
Q

Used to precisely measure joint angles

A

Goniometer

52
Q

No evidence of muscle function (including muscle twitch)

A

Zero, 0/5

53
Q

Muscle contraction but no or very limited joint motion

A

Trace, 1/5

54
Q

Complete range of motion with gravity eliminated

A

Poor, 2/5

55
Q

Complete range of motion against gravity

A

Fair, 3/5

56
Q

Complete range of motion against with some resistance

A

Good, 4/5

57
Q

Complete range of motion with full or normal resistance

A

Normal, 5/5

58
Q

Muscle weakness may result from:

A

Disuse atrophy

Pain

Fatigue

Overstretching

59
Q

Nerve root function should be tested if:

A

Symptoms are due to neck/back problems

Disorder is localized to the extremities

MSK (14 decks)

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