ch 11 - classifying and characterizing prokaryotes

Question 1

What are endospores defense strategy?

Answer 1

• stable resting stages
• remain dormant and viable in hostile or unfavorable conditions
• germinate when conditions improve

Question 2

what fatal diseases can endospores form from deadly toxins

Answer 2

anthrax
tetanus
gangrene

Question 3

explain binary fission

Answer 3

1. replicate DNA via semiconservative replication
2. cell grows, move daugther cells apart
3. form cross wall
4. completely divide cells
5. daughter cells may or may not separate

Question 4

explain snapping division

Answer 4

1. inner portion of cell wall is deposited across a dividing cell
2. as the cell grows, new wall thickens
3. tension increases, breaking the old wall in a snapping movement
4. daughter cells remain

Question 5

explain budding

Answer 5

outward growth of a cell that continues to grow and eventually cuts off from the parent cell

Question 6

what is unique abt epulopiscium

Answer 6

its a giant bacterium that give “birth” to offspring that emerge from the body of a dead mother cell

Question 7

what is the propduction of live offspring within a mother called

Answer 7

viviparity

Question 8

archaea

Answer 8

lack true peptidoglycan

Question 9

what are extremophiles

Answer 9

microbes that require extream conditions (tempurature, pH, pressure, salinity) to survive

Question 10

2 examples of extremophiles

Answer 10

1. thermophiles
2. halophiles

Question 11

What do methanogens do

Answer 11

Convert CO2, H2, & organic acids into methane gas (CH4)

Question 12

how do phototrophic bacteria aquire energy

Answer 12

by absorbing light w pigments in thylakoids

Question 13

what do cyanobacteria lack

Answer 13

membrane bound organells

Question 14

what is the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 14

that cholorplasssts developed from cyanobacteria

Question 15

define nitrogen fixation

Answer 15

reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia

Question 16

What do heterocysts do

Answer 16

isolate enzymes of nitrogen fixation to transport reduced nitrogen to neighboring cells in exchange for glucose

Question 17

what do endospores enable clostridium to do

Answer 17

survive harsh living conditions

Question 18

what does clostridium produce

Answer 18

toxins that cause a variety of diseases in humans

Question 19

where do mycoplasmas colonize

Answer 19

mucos membranes of respiratory and urinary tracts > associated w pneumonia & UTIs

Question 20

what do bacillus synthesize (not shape)

Answer 20

antibiotics
- polymyxin
- bacitracin

Question 21

what does listeria contaminate & how does it reproduce

Answer 21

milk & meat products under refrigeration

Question 22

where are lactobacillus typically found growing

Answer 22

human mouth
stomach
intestinal tract
vagina

Question 23

define microbia antagonism

Answer 23

protecting the body by inhibiting the growth of pathogens

Question 24

what are diseases associated w streptococcus

Answer 24

strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, fetal meningitis

Question 25

what do flesh eating streptococci do

Answer 25

produce toxins that destroy muscle and fat tissue

Question 26

where do staphylococcus grow

Answer 26

harmlessly in nasal passages but some toxins & enzymes can allow strains to invade the body to cause disease

Question 27

what do high G + C G+ bacterium produce

Answer 27

reproductive spores

Question 28

name a disease associated w cornebacterium

Answer 28

diptheria

Question 29

name a disease associated w mycobacterium

Answer 29

TB

Question 30

why is mycobacterium slow growing

Answer 30

due to mycolic acids in cell walls

Question 31

what type of pts do actinomycetes cause disease in

Answer 31

imunocompromised

Question 32

what type of pts do actinomycetes cause disease in

Answer 32

imunocompromised

Question 33

what bacteria causes lesions in the brain and skin

Answer 33

nocardia

Question 34

what bacteria produce most of the important antibiotics

Answer 34

streptomyces

Question 35

what are prosthecae known for

Answer 35

increasing surface area for nutreint absoprtion and extensions used for attachment