ch 11 - classifying and characterizing prokaryotes Flashcards
What are endospores defense strategy?
- stable resting stages
- remain dormant and viable in hostile or unfavorable conditions
- germinate when conditions improve
what fatal diseases can endospores form from deadly toxins
anthrax
tetanus
gangrene
explain binary fission
- replicate DNA via semiconservative replication
- cell grows, move daugther cells apart
- form cross wall
- completely divide cells
- daughter cells may or may not separate
explain snapping division
- inner portion of cell wall is deposited across a dividing cell
- as the cell grows, new wall thickens
- tension increases, breaking the old wall in a snapping movement
- daughter cells remain
explain budding
outward growth of a cell that continues to grow and eventually cuts off from the parent cell
what is unique abt epulopiscium
its a giant bacterium that give “birth” to offspring that emerge from the body of a dead mother cell
what is the propduction of live offspring within a mother called
viviparity
archaea
lack true peptidoglycan
what are extremophiles
microbes that require extream conditions (tempurature, pH, pressure, salinity) to survive
2 examples of extremophiles
- thermophiles
- halophiles
What do methanogens do
Convert CO2, H2, & organic acids into methane gas (CH4)
how do phototrophic bacteria aquire energy
by absorbing light w pigments in thylakoids
what do cyanobacteria lack
membrane bound organells
what is the endosymbiotic theory
that cholorplasssts developed from cyanobacteria
define nitrogen fixation
reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia
What do heterocysts do
isolate enzymes of nitrogen fixation to transport reduced nitrogen to neighboring cells in exchange for glucose
what do endospores enable clostridium to do
survive harsh living conditions
what does clostridium produce
toxins that cause a variety of diseases in humans
where do mycoplasmas colonize
mucos membranes of respiratory and urinary tracts > associated w pneumonia & UTIs
what do bacillus synthesize (not shape)
antibiotics
- polymyxin
- bacitracin
what does listeria contaminate & how does it reproduce
milk & meat products under refrigeration
where are lactobacillus typically found growing
human mouth
stomach
intestinal tract
vagina
define microbia antagonism
protecting the body by inhibiting the growth of pathogens
what are diseases associated w streptococcus
strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, fetal meningitis
what do flesh eating streptococci do
produce toxins that destroy muscle and fat tissue
where do staphylococcus grow
harmlessly in nasal passages but some toxins & enzymes can allow strains to invade the body to cause disease
what do high G + C G+ bacterium produce
reproductive spores
name a disease associated w cornebacterium
diptheria
name a disease associated w mycobacterium
TB
why is mycobacterium slow growing
due to mycolic acids in cell walls
what type of pts do actinomycetes cause disease in
imunocompromised
what type of pts do actinomycetes cause disease in
imunocompromised
what bacteria causes lesions in the brain and skin
nocardia
what bacteria produce most of the important antibiotics
streptomyces
what are prosthecae known for
increasing surface area for nutreint absoprtion and extensions used for attachment
