ch 10 - controlling microbial growth in the body Flashcards
explain selective toxicity
when an antimicrobial agent is toxic to a pathogen but not the host
what does inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis do
prevents cross-linkage of NAM subunits. weakens cell walls, making them less resistant to effects of osmotic pressure causing them to lyse
what is a drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis
Vancomyocin
Bacitracin
what does inhibiting protein synthesis do
changes the shape of prokaryotic ribosomes so the the mRNA cannot be read correctly
what is a drug that inhibits protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Erythromycin
what does the disruption of cytoplasmic membranes do
forms channels through the membrane damaging its integrity
what is a drug that disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane
Ergosterol
what does inhibiting metabolic pathways do
interferes w chemical reactions in the body
what is a drug that disrupts the metabolic pathway
Sulfa drugs
what does inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis do
blocks the replication of DNA or the transcription of RNA
may also interfere w nucleic acids, distorting their shape
what is a drug that inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis
Quinolose
what does inhbiting the attachment or recognition of the host do
changes the shape of the prokarotic ribosome, blocks sites so viruses cannot attach or recognize host cell
what is a drug that inhibits attachment or recognition of host
Vleconaril
what are secondary infections
infections that result from damage to normal flora from broad spectrum anti-microbials
what are 3 side effects from antimicorbial therapy
toxocity
allergies
disruption of normal flora
what are 3 reasons for microbial resistance
- natural resistance
- mutations
- acquisitions of R-plasmids (genetic recombination)
what are the mechanisms of resistance to drugs?
- make enzyme that destroys or inactivates the drug
- slow or prevent entry of the drug into cell
- alter drugs target
- alter metabolic chemistry
- pump drug out of cell
- use biofilms to resist antimicrobials
- use decoy of MfpA to protect cell
define cross resistance
resistance to one antimicrobial drug causes resistance to similar ones
define multiple resistance
resistance to 3 or more different types of antimicrobial agents
