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Psyc. 107 > Ch. 11 > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Flashcards

0
Q

A theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

A

Personality theory

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1
Q

An individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

A

Personality

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2
Q

Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development

A

Psychoanalysis

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3
Q

A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously report all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind

A

Free association

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4
Q

Freud’s theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness

A

Unconscious

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5
Q

Latin for the it, and Freud’s theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle

A

id

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6
Q

The self preservation of life instinct, reflected in the expression of basic biological urges that perpetuate the existence of the individual and the species

A

Eros

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7
Q

The psychological any motional energy associated with expressions of sexuality; the sex drive

A

Libido

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8
Q

The death instinct, reflected in aggressive, destructive, and self-destructive actions

A

Thanatos

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9
Q

The motive to attain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort; the most fundamental human motive in the guiding principle of the id

A

Pleasure principle

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10
Q

Latin for I; in Freud’s theory, the partly conscious rational and component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world

A

Ego

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11
Q

The capacity to accommodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist

A

Reality principle

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12
Q

In Freud’s theory the partly conscious, self evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules

A

Superego

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13
Q

Largely unconscious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety

A

Ego defense mechanisms

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14
Q

The unconscious exclusion of anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings and memories from conscious awareness; the most fundamental ego defense mechanism

A

Repression

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15
Q

The ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous

A

Displacement

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16
Q

An ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges towards productive, socially excepted bowl, non-sexual activities; a form of displacement

A

Sublimation

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17
Q

Invoice theory, age-related developmental periods in which the child sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas

A

Psychosexual stages

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18
Q

In Freud’s theory a child’s unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings towards the same-sex parent

A

Oedipus complex

19
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, and ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of another person

A

Identification

20
Q

In Jungs theory, the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations in that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas

A

Collective unconscious

21
Q

In Jungs theory the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes,’s and preoccupations are the main components of the collective unconscious

A

Archetypes

22
Q

The theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development

A

Humanistic psychology

23
Q

In Rogers theory, the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism

A

Actualizing tendency

24
Q

The set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself

A

Self-concept

25
Q

In Rogers theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others; conditional love or acceptance

A

Conditional positive regard

26
Q

In Rogers theory, the sense that you will be valued in love even if you don’t conform to the standards and expectations of others; unconditional love or acceptance

A

Unconditional positive regard

27
Q

Albert Bandura’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism

A

Social cognitive theory

28
Q

A model proposed by psychologist bandura that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

A

Reciprocal determinism

29
Q

He believes that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation; feelings of self-confidence or self-doubt

A

Self efficacy

30
Q

A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way

A

Trait

31
Q

A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions

A

Trait theory

32
Q

Personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior

A

Surface traits

33
Q

The most fundamental die mentions of personality; the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number

A

Source traits

34
Q

A trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, consciousness, and openness to experience as the fundamental building blocks of personality

A

Five factor model of personality

35
Q

In interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior

A

Behavioral genetics

36
Q

A test that assesses a person’s abilities, aptitudes, interests, or personality on the basis of eight systematically obtained sample of behavior

A

Psychological test

37
Q

A type of personality test that involves a person’s interpreting an ambiguous image; used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits

A

Projective test

38
Q

A projective test using inkblots, developed by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach

A

Rorschach inkblot test

39
Q

A pseudoscience that claims to assess personality, social, and occupational attributes based on a person’s distinctive handwriting, doodles, and drawing style

A

Graphology

40
Q

A projective personality test that involves creating stories about each of the series of ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

41
Q

A type of psychological test in which a person’s responses to standardize questions are compared to established norms

A

Self-report inventory

42
Q

A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders; used to assess both normal and disturbed populations

A

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

43
Q

A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations

A

California psychological inventory or CPI

44
Q

A self-report inventories developed by Raymond cattell that generates a personality profile was ratings on 16 trait dimensions

A

16 personality factor questionnaire or 16PF

45
Q

The aspect of the self-concept that includes images of the selves that you hope, fear, or expect to become in the future

A

Possible selves

Psyc. 107 (6 decks)

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