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Geog 101 (Introduction to Geography) > Ch. 11-13 > Flashcards

Ch. 11-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

ananya roy

A

professor of urban planning at UCLA, focus on housing and global urbanism. believed that cities are split into certain regions.

CITIES DO NOT SHARE A COMMON GROWTH TRAJECTORY!!!

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2
Q

latin america and _______________ theory

A

dependency theory - they supply materials and markets for industrialized powerhouse countries

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3
Q

south asia and __________________ theory

A

post-colonial - how should the poor participate in development when it harms them? development as understood through individual experiences

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4
Q

east asia and idea of __________

A

arbitrage - metaphor, how do you capitalize on the differences in scale and size of a city? how to capitalize on globalization and rapid change?

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5
Q

africa and the city ____ __ ______

A

the city yet to come - region of aspirations and expectations, not failed cities

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6
Q

the middle east and ananya roy

A

wealth is new, development in the area is incomplete.

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7
Q

jennifer robinson

A

geographer who studies cities of the global south. focuses on the negative consequences to ranking and categorizing cities by development level.

ALL CITIES ARE ORDINARY.

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8
Q

urban modernity (jennifer robinson)

A

cultural experience of contemporary city life

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9
Q

development (jennifer robinson)

A

the ambition to improve life in cities, especially for the poorest

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10
Q

developmentalism (jennifer robinson)

A

institutional promotion of development

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11
Q

world cities

A

a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network

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12
Q

world system theory

A

core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral cities.

core dominate and exploit the peripheral.

peripheral rely on the core.

semi-periphery are somewhere in the middle.

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13
Q

urban informality

A

cities of the global south, characterized by informal settlements. ex; squatting or building huts/shacks on the periphery of grand, intensely modern cities

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14
Q

modernist architecture spreads from the _____________ world to the ____________ world

A

developing, developed

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15
Q

main factors in the growth of ancient cities
ah/ra/dp/ce

A

argicultural surplus in hinterland
religious authority presence
defensible position
complex economy

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16
Q

fall line cities

A

cities placed on the boundary between metamorphic rocks and softer eroded rock. lots of waterfalls, useful for powering factories.

hubs of manufacturing

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17
Q

railhead cities

A

cities that begin as a hub of intersecting train tracks, ex; chicago

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18
Q

central place theory (christaller)

A

small, medium, and large settlements are all intertwined. small towns are marketplaces for the surrounding area, while large cities sell luxury goods.

basics are more easily available, but differently sized cities rely on each other for division of goods.

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19
Q

economic base

A

activities that people do in the urban area to support the urban evironment

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20
Q

basic sector

A

part of the city’s economy that brings money in from the outside, “export” industries

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21
Q

nonbasic sector

A

part of city’s economy that doesn’t bring in new money but is crucial to its functioning. ex; schools

22
Q

multiplier effect

A

each basic job brings in money from outside of the city, thus it will create other jobs and multiply the growth

23
Q

urban influence zones

A

areas outside of a city that are still affected by it. as distance increases, influence decreases

24
Q

urban hierarchy

A

ranking of cities based on their size and functional complexity

25
Q

rank-size rule

A

the nth largest city if 1/nth the size of the largest city.

ex; 5th largest is 1/5th the size of the largest.

26
Q

primate city

A

not dictated by rank size. it is by far more that twice the size of the “second” city

ex; paris, cairo

27
Q

three functions of cities
pg/t/sf

A

providing goods and services

transportation

specialized functions that contribute to the larger market

28
Q

cities as central places - christaller

A

pattern of small/medium/large places that are economically interdependent.

urban influence zones.

cities as centers of production and services.

29
Q

distance decay

A

land value drops the further you get from the CBD

30
Q

concentric zone model vs. sector model vs. multiple-nuclei model of cities

A

concentric - rings that surround the city

sector model - focused on arteries of transport, diff. ‘sectors’ for diff. purposes

multiple-nuclei - separately expanding areas with multiple nuclei, ex; LA

31
Q

advantages of a compact city
et/cb/e

A

easy transport via. subway

car bans can generate fee revenue

environmentally better

32
Q

planning goals of former soviet cities
ls/ess/z

A

limit sprawl, ensure self-sufficiency, zoning (on crack)

33
Q

changes in cities are caused by
ar/ww/hb

A

automobile reliance and highway development

work week limited to 40 hours

homeownership boom

34
Q

natural resource

A

a naturally occurring, exploitable material that a society perceives to be useful for its economic well-being

35
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work.

36
Q

energy efficiency

A

measures how complete the transition from potential to kinetic energy is

37
Q

nonrenewable fuels
co/ff/p/c/ng/sg/so/os/nff

A

crude oil, fossil fuels, petroleum, coal, natural gas, shale gas, shale oil, oil sands, nuclear fission/fusion

38
Q

renewable fuels
bf/h/se

A

biomass fuel, hydropower, solar energy

39
Q

photovoltaic cells

A

semiconductors made of silicon that generate electricity directly from solar rays

40
Q

ore

A

minerals that are in a high enough concentration to make mining feasible.

what is or is not an ore depends on demand, price, and technology changes.

41
Q

six steps of mineral exploitation
e/e/c/sr/t/m

A

exploration, extraction, concentration, smelting/refining, transporting, manufacturing

42
Q

sustainable development
s/f/s/f/p

A

satisfied current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

soil, forests, species, fish, pollutants

YOU CANNOT EXPLOIT OVER THE RATE OF REPLENISHMENT

43
Q

types of coal (ranked by heat value)
l/b/a

A

lignite, bituminous, anthracite

44
Q

bitumen

A

thick, high carbon petroleum inside of oil sands and tar sands. more economical than oil shale. must be crushed and heated to create petroleum

45
Q

soil is made of:
m/om/w/a
s/i/a/c/s/p/m/o

A

minerals, organic matter, water, air

silicon, iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, oxygen

46
Q

wetlands

A

vegetated areas periodically or permanently saturated with water. transitional zoned between land and water. coastal and inland

(coastal is more protected)

47
Q

marshes v. swamps

A

marsh - grass wetland

swamp - tree wetland

48
Q

anthropocene

A

period in which human actions have radically altered the climate and other systems of the earth since 1945

49
Q

hypoxia

A

absence of oxygen, caused when algal blooms decompose and suck oxygen out of the water. kills everything in the water.

50
Q

water mining

A

water is being extracted nonrenewably.

51
Q

desalination

A

process of extracting salt from water to make it viable for use. byproducts can be harmful, ex; when brine settles on the ocean floor it kills everything

Geog 101 (Introduction to Geography) (3 decks)

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