Ch 10 study guide

Question 1

What is a central theme in all fields of biology?

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

What century was a time of great advances in science and intellectual thought?

Answer 2

18th century

Question 3

What did botanist Carolus Linnaeus develop for different types of organisms?

Answer 3

Classification system

Question 4

What radical idea did Frenchman Georges Buffon conclude about the world?

Answer 4

The world was much older than 6,000 years

Question 5

Erasmus Darwin proposed that more complex forms of life came from what?

Answer 5

lesser complex forms

Question 6

What did French naturalist Jean-Baptist Lemarck believe caused and organism’s behavior to change?

Answer 6

Environmental changes

Question 7

What did French zoologist Georges Cuvier theorize caused species to become extinct?

Answer 7

Powerful natural disasters

Question 8

What time frame did both James Hutton and Charles Lyell believe change in the Earth occurred?

Answer 8

Long periods of time

Question 9

What nationality was Charles Darwin? What chain of islands did most of his studies take place on?

Answer 9

English/Galapagos

Question 10

What two types of tortoises did Darwin believe proved that environment greatly impacted different organisms?

Answer 10

Saddle-backed and domed

Question 11

What other Galapagos island creature did Darwin study, showing the differences in environmental influence?

Answer 11

finches

Question 12

Darwin believed that environmental adaptations would lead to what type of changes in a species population?

Answer 12

genetic

Question 13

What type of evidence found on his world journeys supported Darwin’s idea of species adapatation?

Answer 13

Fossil evidence

Question 14

What two things supported Darwin’s belief that the Earth was much older than 6,000 years old?

Answer 14

Fossil evidence &
geological processes

Question 15

What are the three key concepts developed by Charles Darwin to support his ideas of species evolution?

Answer 15

Artificial
selection, natural selection, and population variations

Question 16

What was the name of the book published by Charles Darwin?

Answer 16

“On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

Question 17

What are the four main principles supporting Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 17

Variation, overproduction, adaptation
and descent with modification

Question 18

What are the two sources of heritable differences that exist in every species population?

Answer 18

Inherited traits from a parent and genetic mutation

Question 19

What effect does having many offspring have on species survival?

Answer 19

Increase the chances

Question 20

What are successful individuals within a population more likely to do through adaptation?

Answer 20

Survive & produce more offspring

Question 21

What benefit does natural selection result in for species over time?

Answer 21

Better suited for survival & reproduction

Question 22

Does natural selection act on the phenotype or genotype of an organism?

Answer 22

phenotype

Question 23

What is the only source for new alleles in a genotype?

Answer 23

Genetic mutation

Question 24

What are the four sources that best support Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 24

Fossils, geography, embryology, anatomy

Question 25

Progressive change of fossils from older layers of earth to newer layers supported which of Darwin’s concepts?

Answer 25

Descent
with modification

Question 26

What share similar characteristics prior to their advancement in developing?

Answer 26

Embryos of vertebrates

Question 27

Which type of structures support Darwin’s idea that different species had a common ancestor in the past?

Answer 27

Vestigial structures

Question 28

List the three advancements in science that have played a crucial role in supporting the theory of evolution.

Answer 28

Paleontology, molecular genetics, evolutionary biology