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biology 1 lvl 1 > bio ch 20 > Flashcards

bio ch 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

In plants, a waxy layer that holds in moisture, in insects, a tough exoskeleton made of nonliving materials.

A

cuticle

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2
Q

Pores in the cuticle through which gas exchange occurs

A

stomata

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3
Q

Collection of specialized tissues in some plants that transports mineral nutrients up from the roots and brings up sugars from the leaves

A

Vascular system

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4
Q

Complex polymer that hardens cells walls of some vascular tissues in plants.

A

Lignin.

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5
Q

Two-celled structure that contains the male form of the plant’s gamete

A

pollen grain

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6
Q

Structure used by some land plants to store and protect the embryo

A

seed

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7
Q

Process by which seed plants become fertilized without the need for free-standing water

A

pollination

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8
Q

Seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by fruit

A

gymnosperm

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9
Q

Seed plant whose embryos are enclosed by fruit

A

angiosperm

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10
Q

Reproductive structure of gymnosperms inside of which the female gamete is fertilized

A

cone

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11
Q

Reproductive structure of an angiosperm

A

flower

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12
Q

Fertilized and mature ovary of a flower

A

fruit

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13
Q

Embryonic leaf inside a seed

A

cotyledon

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14
Q

flowering plants whose embryos have only 1 cotyledon

A

monocot

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15
Q

flowering plant whose embryos have 2 cotyledons

A

dicot

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16
Q

Fibrous material made of dead cells that are part of the vascular system in some plants .

A

wood

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17
Q

the study of plants

A

botany

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18
Q

study of how various cultures use different plants

A

ethnobotany

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19
Q

study of drugs and their effect on the body

A

pharmacology

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20
Q

The chemical produced by plants contains nitrogen, many of which are used in medicines.

A

alkaloid

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21
Q

what is the simplest form of plants

A

green algae

22
Q

in what process do plants make their own food

A

photosynthesis

23
Q

What cellular component do plants use to capture the energy of sunlight during photosynthesis?

A

chlorophyll

24
Q

Which complex carbohydrate is produced by plants and deposited in cell walls?

A

cellulose

25
Q

List the progression of plants along evolutionary lines from simplest to complex.

A

charophyceans, mosses, ferns, cone-bearing plants, flowering plants

26
Q

What is essential to all plant life?

A

water

27
Q

What are plant surfaces covered with to preserve moisture?

A

Cuticle layer

28
Q

what type of system do plants have that allows them to grow taller while still getting water and nutrients?

A

vascular system

29
Q

What characteristic does lignin give to plants allowing them to grow up and towards the sun?

A

stiffness

30
Q

What are the two main ways that pollen is transported to the female reproductive structures of a flower?

A

carried/driven

31
Q

What are the two functions of animals or insects in assisting plants in reproduction?

A

provide pollination and consume/ disperse seeds

32
Q

How many different plant species have scientists identified and described in the kingdom Plantae?

A

300,000

33
Q

List the four types of plants that make up the plant kingdom?

A

1.mosses
2. ferns
3. cone-bearing plants
4. flowering plants

34
Q

Which type of plant can grow in very harsh environments that other plants are unable to grow in?

A

mosses

35
Q

What do ferns rely on for reproduction? And what do they lack?

A

water, true roots

36
Q

What do cone-bearing plants produce as their reproductive structure?

A

woody cone

37
Q

What do flowering plants produce that contains the seeds of the plant?

A

fruit

38
Q

What is the scientific definition of a fruit?

A

mature ovary of a flower

39
Q

List the 3 main advantages of seed-bearing plants over plants that don’t bear seeds?

A

1.reproduce w/o free standing water

  1. survive in a dormant state for months or years
  2. Seeds can be carried great distances.
40
Q

What 2 things do flowering plants produce that attracts pollinating insects/animals to assist in pollination?

A

pollen and nectar

41
Q

What are the three ways that flowering plants disperse their seeds into the environment?

A

fleshy fruit, burrs, fibers

42
Q

What are the two basic kinds of seeds?

A

monocots, dicots

43
Q

What are the flowering characteristics of monocots?

A

flower parts in multiples of three

44
Q

What are the flowering characteristics of dicots?

A

Flower parts in multiples of four or five

45
Q

What term is given to flowering plants that do not produce woody stems?

A

herbaceous

46
Q

list the three categories of seed bearing plants based on lifespan

A

annuals, biennials, perennials

47
Q

What basic necessities of survival do plants provide for humans?

A

food, shelter,clothing,medicine

48
Q

What did humans do with plants that possessed desirable traits?

A

bred and planted them

49
Q

What provided humans with a reliable food source that supported rapidly growing populations?

A

agriculture

50
Q

What do plants often possess that have medicinal properties?

A

chemical compounds

biology 1 lvl 1 (4 decks)

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