Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiology Physics > Ch. 10 Radiation Protection Procedures for Patients and Personnel > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Radiation Protection Procedures for Patients and Personnel Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What does ICRP stand for?

A

International Commission on Radiological Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the role of NCRP?

A

National Council on Radiation Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does NAS-BEIR represent?

A

National Academy of Sciences Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does UNSCEAR stand for?

A

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the NRC?

A

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the FDA stand for?

A

US Food and Drug Administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the occupational exposure limit set by NCRP?

A

50 mSv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the annual public exposure limit?

A

1 mSv per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the total gestation exposure limit for embryo/fetus?

A

5 mSv (0.5 mSv/month of gestation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the annual exposure limit for education and training?

A

1 mSv for trainees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main procedures that give occupational exposure?

A

Fluoroscopy, Mobile C-Arm, Cardiac lab, Swing lab, Mobile radiography, GI studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: The patient should be held during an exposure.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is leakage radiation?

A

Radiation coming from the tube that is secondary radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What constitutes secondary radiation?

A

Leakage + scatter radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is lead typically found in general diagnostic x-ray rooms?

A

In the walls of the control room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary beam should only expose the _______.

A

patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three principles of personnel exposure reduction?

A
  1. Time
  2. Distance
  3. Shielding

These principles help minimize radiation exposure in medical and industrial settings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can reducing time in a radiation area help reduce exposure?

A

It minimizes the duration of exposure to radiation sources.

This principle is particularly important in areas where radiation is present, such as during fluoroscopy or mobile imaging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the effect of increasing distance from a radiation source according to the inverse square law?

A

If you double your distance, you decrease your exposure by 4x.

This law emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe distance from radiation sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the purpose of shielding in radiation protection?

A

To block radiation when time and distance cannot be used.

Shielding devices include lead aprons, thyroid shields, lead gloves, and lead glasses.

22
Q

What are primary barriers in radiation protection?

A

Structures that could be struck by the primary beam.

23
Q

What are secondary barriers in radiation protection?

A

Structures that will only be struck by leakage or scatter.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: Protective devices are used when it is not possible to stand behind a _______.

A

lead wall.

25
Q

What are some examples of protective barriers?

A
  1. Walls
  2. Portable walls
  3. Doors

These structures help prevent radiation from affecting areas occupied by personnel.

26
Q

What is beam limitation in radiology?

A

Always have the size of your x-ray beam to match the size of the detector

27
Q

What does PBL stand for in radiology?

A

Positive Beam Limitation

This is an automatic feature that adjusts the x-ray beam size.

28
Q

What is collimation?

A

Field size adjustment of the x-ray beam

Proper collimation reduces patient tissue exposure.

29
Q

What does mAs stand for in radiology?

A

Milliamperage seconds

This measures the quantity of x-ray photons produced.

30
Q

What is the relationship between mAs and x-ray exposure?

A

Higher mAs increases the quantity of x-ray photons

Example: 20 mAs vs. 80 mAs.

31
Q

What does kVp stand for?

A

Kilovoltage peak

This indicates the quality (energy) of x-ray photons.

32
Q

What is the recommended minimum tube filtration for x-ray equipment operating over 70 kVp?

A

2.5 mm Al/equivalent

This filtration removes low energy photons that do not provide diagnostic quality.

33
Q

What is the purpose of tube filtration?

A

To filter out low energy photons before they reach the patient’s skin surface

34
Q

What is the effect of using a grid in radiology?

A

Absorbs unwanted scatter radiation, improving image quality

Grids are recommended for larger body parts (10 cm or more).

35
Q

What happens to the technique (mAs) when using a grid?

A

Must increase the technique (mAs)

This compensates for the absorption of useful radiation by the grid.

36
Q

True or False: Low energy photons have diagnostic quality.

A

False

Low energy photons are absorbed by the patient and can cause biological harm.

37
Q

What is gonadal shielding?

A

Using lead to cover and block radiation to the reproductive cells and organs

38
Q

Name the three types of gonadal shields.

A
  • Flat (contact)
  • Shaped (contact)
  • Shadow Shield
39
Q

What is a flat (contact) gonadal shield?

A

A piece of lead used to cover reproductive organs

40
Q

What is a shaped (contact) gonadal shield?

A

A shield similar to an athletic cup, used only for males

41
Q

What is a shadow shield?

A

Lead placed in the part of the beam that would hit gonads

42
Q

What factors affect image receptor radiation requirements?

A

Some detectors require less radiation, while others require more to create the image

43
Q

What is the relationship between the speed of the receptor, technique, and patient dose?

A

Increased speed of receptor = decreased technique = decreased pt dose

Decreased speed of receptor = increased technique = increased pt dose

44
Q

What is the difference between PA and AP projections?

A

PA (posteroanterior = back to front) vs AP (anteroposterior = front to back) refers to where the primary beam enters, affecting radiation dose

45
Q

What happens to patient dose when radiographic images are repeated?

A

When you repeat, you double patient dose

46
Q

How often must X-ray units be tested?

A

1-2 times per year

47
Q

What must be ensured during X-ray unit testing?

A

X-ray output must be accurate

48
Q

What options are available for a pregnant worker in radiology?

A
  • Option to declare pregnancy
  • Option to change work schedule (mobile, fluoro)
  • Wear a fetal dosimeter on waist under apron
49
Q

What should be questioned regarding pregnant patients?

A

Question on LMP or pregnancy

50
Q

What is organogenesis and its significance?

A

Organogenesis is when fetal organs are forming (stem cells) and occurs from 8-15 weeks of gestation, marking the maximum radiosensitive window as organs are forming

51
Q

What is the risk of spontaneous abortion related to gestation?

A

Spontaneous abortion can occur up to 6 weeks of gestation, with a higher likelihood between days 1-3 weeks

52
Q

True or False: Radiation exposure is less critical during the first trimester of pregnancy.

A

False

Radiology Physics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions