CH 10 L2 Peasants, Trade, and Cities Flashcards
What was the carruca? What was its influence?
Iron plow that could turn heavy soils; led to more farming villages because very expensive and required many animals, village would share
How did the 3-field crop rotation change agriculture?
Could use more land in a year, so could grow more food
- Instead of 2-field
What is a manor?
Agricultural estate worked on by peasants and ran by a lord
What were the obligations of a serf?
- Worked lord’s land & used rest of estate to grow own food
- Paid rent with share of all products
- Paid rent for using manor’s resources - streams, pasturelands, etc.
What were some of the restrictions a serf had?
- Couldn’t leave manor without permission from lord
2. Could be tried by lord in manor’s courts
In what ways were serfs not slaves?
- Land to support themselves couldn’t be taken away
- Responsibilities were mostly fixed
- Lord had to protect them
What were peasant houses like?
- Made of wood, straw, & clay
2. Some were 2 room, poorer families were 1 room
Were the responsibilities of peasants always the same?
Changed with seasons, depending on harvest schedule
When did trade revival begin?
11th & 12th centuries
Where were 2 major trade centers?
Italian cities (Venice), Flanders
What was the Hanseatic League?
Alliance between over 100 northern European cities to protect trade & economic opportunity
- 13th century, Baltic & North Sea region
What influenced the development of a money economy?
Trade increased, gold & silver demand increased
What developed after the development of a money economy?
Trade companies, banking firms, new laws
Where did merchants settle?
Old Roman cities; Artisans followed them
Who were the bourgeoise?
Merchants and artisans that lived in walled cities near castle
