Ch. 10 - Helping others

Question 1

Prosocial behaviors

Answer 1

Actions intended to benefit others

Question 2

Kin selection

Answer 2

Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive

Question 3

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 3

Altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return. (not limited to basic needs)

Question 4

Indirect reciprocity

Answer 4

Reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone becomes more likely to receive help from someone else

A helps B, and C (witnessing this) helps A

Question 5

Empathy

Answer 5

Understanding or vicariously experiencing another’s perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual. Present in infants under 1yo. (related terms: perspective taking, empathetic concern)

Question 6

Study about a baby on page 417 don’t ask me which one

Question 7

Empathy neurologically

Answer 7

Seeing others experience positive/negative emotions triggers activation of neural structures associated with experiencing that emotion in an empathetic perceiver’s brain

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Interpersonal bonding chemical. Implicated in empathy and prosocial behaviors

Question 9

Negative state relief model

Answer 9

People help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness (even if the reward is delayed until later)