Ch. 10 Heart

Question 1

What are the top 2 MC causes of death in the US

Answer 1

Heart disease followed by cancer

Question 2

What is the MC cause of heart disease

Answer 2

Contractile failure aka (systolic dysfunction or pump failure)

Question 3

What is it called when the heart fails every to meet tissue demands

Answer 3

Congestive heart failur (CHF)

Question 4

What is the MC cause of CHF

Answer 4

Dec. cardiac output (more gradual)

Question 5

What is the rare way somebody can develop CHF

Answer 5

Inc. tissue demands

High-Output (heart) failure

Question 6

Venous congestion can lead to what in CHF

Answer 6

Pitting Edema

Question 7

What is the MC cause of heart failure

Answer 7

Systolic dysfunction (weak contraction)

Question 8

Diastolic Dysfunction in heart failure can lead to what

Answer 8

Failed relaxation leads to decreased failure

Question 9

What is valvular dysfunction in heart failure

Answer 9

Failure to effectively seal (stenosis, endocarditis)

Question 10

What is forward failure

Answer 10

Insufficient output= hypoxia

Question 11

What is backward failure

Answer 11

Venous congestion (inc in venous BP/Volume)

Question 12

T/F: Forward failure is almost always accompanied by backward failure

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Do cardiovascular adaptations to heart failure early or later

Answer 13

Earlier

Question 14

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is inc. stretch leading to stronger contraction

Answer 14

Frank-Starling (law) mechanism

Question 15

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Inc in HR, inc contractility, inc BP

Answer 15

Neurohumoral mechanisms

Question 16

ANP associated with neuro humoral mechanisms does what

Answer 16

Diuresis and vasodilation (balances NE)

Question 17

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Cardiac Hypertrophy at a cost of inc. O2 consumption

Answer 17

Structural changes

Question 18

What is physiologic cardiac Hypertrophy aka

Answer 18

Athlete’s heart

Question 19

What is described by concentric Hypertrophy, inc in pressure, HTN, and valvular stenosis

Answer 19

Pathological Hypertrophy of the heart

Question 20

What is described by eccentric Hypertrophy, inc. in volume of blood, Bradycardia, and inc. in capillary density

Answer 20

Physiologic Hypertrophy (aka Athlete’s Heart)

Question 21

Which side is much much more likely to experience heart failure

Answer 21

Left

Question 22

What is the MC way for right sided heart failure to develop

Answer 22

From left-sided failure

Question 23

What is pulmonary HTN called

Answer 23

For Pulmonale

Question 24

What kind of pathology is right sided heart failure

Answer 24

Lung pathology

Question 25

Where is congestion seen in in right sided failure

Answer 25

Peripheral tissues (minimal in pulmonary if oure right)

Question 26

Congenital Heart disease accounts for what percent of all birth defects

Answer 26

30%

Question 27

When does the Rt. Atrium stop communicating with the left atrium

Answer 27

Birth

Question 28

What are the top 2 malformations in congenital heart disease

Answer 28

Ventricular septal defect 42% | Atrial septal defects 10%