Ch. 10 Heart Flashcards
What are the top 2 MC causes of death in the US
Heart disease followed by cancer
What is the MC cause of heart disease
Contractile failure aka (systolic dysfunction or pump failure)
What is it called when the heart fails every to meet tissue demands
Congestive heart failur (CHF)
What is the MC cause of CHF
Dec. cardiac output (more gradual)
What is the rare way somebody can develop CHF
Inc. tissue demands
High-Output (heart) failure
Venous congestion can lead to what in CHF
Pitting Edema
What is the MC cause of heart failure
Systolic dysfunction (weak contraction)
Diastolic Dysfunction in heart failure can lead to what
Failed relaxation leads to decreased failure
What is valvular dysfunction in heart failure
Failure to effectively seal (stenosis, endocarditis)
What is forward failure
Insufficient output= hypoxia
What is backward failure
Venous congestion (inc in venous BP/Volume)
T/F: Forward failure is almost always accompanied by backward failure
True
Do cardiovascular adaptations to heart failure early or later
Earlier
What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is inc. stretch leading to stronger contraction
Frank-Starling (law) mechanism
What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Inc in HR, inc contractility, inc BP
Neurohumoral mechanisms
ANP associated with neuro humoral mechanisms does what
Diuresis and vasodilation (balances NE)
What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Cardiac Hypertrophy at a cost of inc. O2 consumption
Structural changes
What is physiologic cardiac Hypertrophy aka
Athlete’s heart
What is described by concentric Hypertrophy, inc in pressure, HTN, and valvular stenosis
Pathological Hypertrophy of the heart
What is described by eccentric Hypertrophy, inc. in volume of blood, Bradycardia, and inc. in capillary density
Physiologic Hypertrophy (aka Athlete’s Heart)
Which side is much much more likely to experience heart failure
Left
What is the MC way for right sided heart failure to develop
From left-sided failure
What is pulmonary HTN called
For Pulmonale
What kind of pathology is right sided heart failure
Lung pathology
Where is congestion seen in in right sided failure
Peripheral tissues (minimal in pulmonary if oure right)
Congenital Heart disease accounts for what percent of all birth defects
30%
When does the Rt. Atrium stop communicating with the left atrium
Birth
What are the top 2 malformations in congenital heart disease
Ventricular septal defect 42%
Atrial septal defects 10%
