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Systems Path Final > Ch. 10 Heart > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 2 MC causes of death in the US

A

Heart disease followed by cancer

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2
Q

What is the MC cause of heart disease

A

Contractile failure aka (systolic dysfunction or pump failure)

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3
Q

What is it called when the heart fails every to meet tissue demands

A

Congestive heart failur (CHF)

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4
Q

What is the MC cause of CHF

A

Dec. cardiac output (more gradual)

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5
Q

What is the rare way somebody can develop CHF

A

Inc. tissue demands

High-Output (heart) failure

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6
Q

Venous congestion can lead to what in CHF

A

Pitting Edema

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7
Q

What is the MC cause of heart failure

A

Systolic dysfunction (weak contraction)

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8
Q

Diastolic Dysfunction in heart failure can lead to what

A

Failed relaxation leads to decreased failure

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9
Q

What is valvular dysfunction in heart failure

A

Failure to effectively seal (stenosis, endocarditis)

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10
Q

What is forward failure

A

Insufficient output= hypoxia

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11
Q

What is backward failure

A

Venous congestion (inc in venous BP/Volume)

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12
Q

T/F: Forward failure is almost always accompanied by backward failure

A

True

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13
Q

Do cardiovascular adaptations to heart failure early or later

A

Earlier

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14
Q

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is inc. stretch leading to stronger contraction

A

Frank-Starling (law) mechanism

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15
Q

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Inc in HR, inc contractility, inc BP

A

Neurohumoral mechanisms

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16
Q

ANP associated with neuro humoral mechanisms does what

A

Diuresis and vasodilation (balances NE)

17
Q

What law/mechanism of cardiovascular adaptation is Cardiac Hypertrophy at a cost of inc. O2 consumption

A

Structural changes

18
Q

What is physiologic cardiac Hypertrophy aka

A

Athlete’s heart

19
Q

What is described by concentric Hypertrophy, inc in pressure, HTN, and valvular stenosis

A

Pathological Hypertrophy of the heart

20
Q

What is described by eccentric Hypertrophy, inc. in volume of blood, Bradycardia, and inc. in capillary density

A

Physiologic Hypertrophy (aka Athlete’s Heart)

21
Q

Which side is much much more likely to experience heart failure

A

Left

22
Q

What is the MC way for right sided heart failure to develop

A

From left-sided failure

23
Q

What is pulmonary HTN called

A

For Pulmonale

24
Q

What kind of pathology is right sided heart failure

A

Lung pathology

25
Q

Where is congestion seen in in right sided failure

A

Peripheral tissues (minimal in pulmonary if oure right)

26
Q

Congenital Heart disease accounts for what percent of all birth defects

A

30%

27
Q

When does the Rt. Atrium stop communicating with the left atrium

A

Birth

28
Q

What are the top 2 malformations in congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular septal defect 42%

Atrial septal defects 10%

Systems Path Final (3 decks)

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