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Radiation protection 8ed Sherer > Ch 10 Ethics > Flashcards

Ch 10 Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Limits of occupational exposure; usually set at 1/10 of the action limit

A

Action limits

Purpose to trigger an investigation

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2
Q

Effect that a beneficial consequence of radiation for populations continuously exposed

A

Radiation Hormesis

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3
Q

Annual dose limits for occupational workers is ________

But it was recommended that the dose be ______ in 1991 by NCRP

A

50mSv

20msv

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4
Q

The dose limit for the lens of the eye for public/education ?
The same for occupational workers ?

A

15msv

150msv

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5
Q

When one is pregnant, their dose limit should never exceed ______ during the course of pregnancy and no more than ______ in one month

A
  1. 0msv

0. 5msv

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6
Q

The negligible individual dose NID is _____

A

0.01 mSv

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7
Q

The sum of both internal and external whole body exposures

A

CumEfD limit

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8
Q

Responsible for:
Radiation safety program
Personal monitoring
Provides counseling

A

RSO

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9
Q

Means the same as optimization

A

ALARA

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10
Q

Who regulates manufacturing of electronic products and diagnostic equipment

A

FDA

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11
Q

“Employees right to know”
Title 29
Non ionizing radiation such as microwaves

A

OSHA

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12
Q

The agreement that the state enforces laws given by NRC

The agreement where NRC and state join together to enforce

A

Agreement states

Non-agreement

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13
Q

Controls radiation of the environment; developed in 1970

A

EPA

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14
Q

Radiation induced responses are

A

Tissue

Stochastic

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15
Q

Nonstochastic and deterministic effects are

A

Cell death

Replaced by tissue reactions

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16
Q

Who writes rules and regulations regarding radiation safety

A

NRC

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17
Q

Studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and risk assessments from early rad workers, atomic bomb survivors, Chernobyl

A

BEIR

Also runs current stats on techs

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18
Q

In 1955, evaluation human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures
Such as radioactive material, machines, radiation incidents (Japan atomic bomb)

A

UNSCEAR

Epidemiologic studies

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19
Q

Reviews regulations by the ICRP and decides whether to incorporate to the US

A

NCRP

20
Q

The center for devices and radiological Health (CDRH) is under jurisdiction by the

A

FDA

21
Q

The code of standards for diagnostic X-ray equipment regulates what

A

Automatic limitation-PBL
mA , kvp timers
Presence of “beam” indicators or warnings

22
Q

The public law of the code of standards for diagnostic X-rays is strictly

A

Equipment performance standard

23
Q

“Each patient should get the right imaging exam, at right time, and right dose”

A

White paper document by FDA

24
Q

The consumer patient radiation health and safety act of 1981 provides federal standards for

A

Minimal standards for the accreditation of education programs

25
Q

EfD and eqd limiting systems are incorporated in

A

Title 10, part 20.

A doc provided by the US office of the federal Register

26
Q

Revived recommendations for radiation induced malignancy for the NCRP is in the
And in the ICRP in

A

Report 116

Report 60

27
Q

Evaluates biologic effects from radiation and guidelines in occupational and public dose limits

A

ICRP

28
Q

In control of the manufacturing and use of radioactive substances formed in nuclear reactors

A

NRC

29
Q

Naturally occurring /accelerated produced materials aka

A

NARM
EX:
Thallium 201 (used in nuc med)
Palladium 103 (used in prostate)

30
Q

The radiation control for health and safety act was found in

A

1968

31
Q

The ALARA concept contributes to the relationship between

A

Ionizing radiation and potential risk.

It also follows a linear non threshold model

32
Q

2 terms the ICRP and NCRP have settled on in regards to radiation effects

A

Stochastic

Tissue effects

33
Q

What are stochastic effects ?

A
  • Cancer or hereditary effects

Single or small # cells r affected

34
Q

What are tissue effects?

A

Large # cells are injured

There are early and late tissue effects

35
Q

Epilaton
Erythema
Decrease in white cells
(GI syndrome, cerebrovascular syndrome, hematopoietic syndrome)

A

Early tissue effects

36
Q

Cataracts
Fibrosis
Organ atrophy

A

Late tissue effects

37
Q

What effects follow both linear and linear quadratic dose curves

A 
Stochastic effects 
(Random effects)
38
Q

A nonlinear and sigmoidal S shape threshold are effects of

A

Early and late effects

39
Q

Every organ is vulnerable to ionizing radiation despite that some are more sensitive to others; all are at risk. This was stated by

A

The NCRP

40
Q

Occupation risk as a radiographer is considered

A

Reasonably safe.

Estimated 2.5% over fatal accident over entire career

41
Q

The greatest risk for embryo fetus is during which period

A

Week 8-15weeks after conception

42
Q

Who manufactures electronic products in radiation?

Who manufactures and controls radioactive substances?

A

FDA

NRC

43
Q

The sum of both external and internal whole body dose

A

EfD

44
Q

The set of numeric dose limits based on calculations

Concerns upper boundary dose results in negligible risk of body injury

A

EfD limiting system

EfD limit

45
Q

A radiation quantity used for radiation protection purposes

A

EqD

Radiation protection 8ed Sherer (5 decks)

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