Ch 10 Chem Flashcards
Kinetic molecular theory (KMT)
- based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
- helps explain the behavior of gas molecules and the physical properties of an ideal gas
ideal gas
an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory
elastic collision
collisions between gas particles and the particles of the container (no loss of kinetic energy)
diffusion
the mixing of two substances caused by their random motion
real gases
a gas that does not behave completely according to the KMT
effusion
process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
fluidity
particles glide past one another
surface tension
a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of the liquids surface together thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size
capillary action
the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid, which causes the liquid to rise or fall
vaporization
the process by which a liquid or solid changes into a gas
evaporation
the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter into the gas state
freezing
the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid as heat is removed
crystal
a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly geometric shape
amorphous solid
a solid in which the particles are arranged randomly
melting
the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy as heat or changing pressure
super cooled substances
substances that retain certain liquids properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid
unit cell
the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire
phase
one of the four states in which a substance can exist
condensation
the change of state from a gas to a liquid
equilibrium
a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
boiling
the conversion of a liquid to a vapor
sublimation
changing a solid into a gas without entering the liquid phase
deposition
the change of state from a gas directly to a solid
phase diagram
a graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and pressure of the substance
triple point
pressure and temperature at which a substances 3 states of matter coexist at the same time
critical point
combination of the substances critical temperature and pressure
temperature
a measure of how hot (or cold) something is
pressure
the force per unit area on an object (P=F/a)
properties of solids
- definite shape and volume
- definite melting point
- high density
- incompressibility
- low rate of diffusion
properties of liquids
- fluidity
- relatively high density
- relative incompressibility
- diffusion
- surface tension
- evaporating and boiling
- sublimation
- formation of solids
- viscosity - resistance of a liquid to flow
properties of gases
- expansion - no definite shape or volume
- fluidity
- low density
- compressibility
- diffusion
- effusion
molar heat of fusion
ice=6.008 Kj/mol
molar heat of vaporization
water=40.79 Kj/mol
