Ch 10 Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic molecular theory (KMT)

A
  • based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
  • helps explain the behavior of gas molecules and the physical properties of an ideal gas
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2
Q

ideal gas

A

an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory

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3
Q

elastic collision

A

collisions between gas particles and the particles of the container (no loss of kinetic energy)

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4
Q

diffusion

A

the mixing of two substances caused by their random motion

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5
Q

real gases

A

a gas that does not behave completely according to the KMT

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6
Q

effusion

A

process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

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7
Q

fluidity

A

particles glide past one another

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8
Q

surface tension

A

a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of the liquids surface together thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size

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9
Q

capillary action

A

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid, which causes the liquid to rise or fall

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10
Q

vaporization

A

the process by which a liquid or solid changes into a gas

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11
Q

evaporation

A

the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter into the gas state

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12
Q

freezing

A

the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid as heat is removed

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13
Q

crystal

A

a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly geometric shape

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14
Q

amorphous solid

A

a solid in which the particles are arranged randomly

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15
Q

melting

A

the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy as heat or changing pressure

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16
Q

super cooled substances

A

substances that retain certain liquids properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid

17
Q

unit cell

A

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire

18
Q

phase

A

one of the four states in which a substance can exist

19
Q

condensation

A

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

20
Q

equilibrium

A

a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

21
Q

boiling

A

the conversion of a liquid to a vapor

22
Q

sublimation

A

changing a solid into a gas without entering the liquid phase

23
Q

deposition

A

the change of state from a gas directly to a solid

24
Q

phase diagram

A

a graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and pressure of the substance

25
triple point
pressure and temperature at which a substances 3 states of matter coexist at the same time
26
critical point
combination of the substances critical temperature and pressure
27
temperature
a measure of how hot (or cold) something is
28
pressure
the force per unit area on an object (P=F/a)
29
properties of solids
1. definite shape and volume 2. definite melting point 3. high density 4. incompressibility 5. low rate of diffusion
30
properties of liquids
1. fluidity 2. relatively high density 3. relative incompressibility 4. diffusion 5. surface tension 6. evaporating and boiling 7. sublimation 8. formation of solids 9. viscosity - resistance of a liquid to flow
31
properties of gases
1. expansion - no definite shape or volume 2. fluidity 3. low density 4. compressibility 5. diffusion 6. effusion
32
molar heat of fusion
ice=6.008 Kj/mol
33
molar heat of vaporization
water=40.79 Kj/mol