ch 10 Flashcards by Shanna H

Main function of bony thorax

expand & deflate during respiration, protect organs of respiratory system

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Thin, narrow, flat compact bone

sternum

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What is the bone in the middle of sternum like

spongy and is a site for red bone marrow

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3 parts of sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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Upper portion closest to chin

manubrium

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how big is manubrium

2” in length

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longest part of sternum

body

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How big is body

4”

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What age does the 4 segments of body fuse

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most inferior portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

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What age does the cartilage in xiphoid process ossify

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Jugular notch is also known as

suprasternal notch, manubrial notch

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What level is jugular notch

T2-T3

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Where manubrium and the superior portion of body meet

sternal angle

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What level is sternal angle

T4-T5

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What level is xiphoid tip

T9-T10

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Only bony connection between each shoulder girdle and bony thorax are (where clavicles meet manubrium)

sternoclavicular joints

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Sternal rib articulations that connect to the sternum

clavicles, 7 pairs of ribs

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A short piece of cartilage that articulates with the facets of the sternum

costocartilage

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What ribs connect to #7 costocartilage

8,9,10

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Floating ribs with no costocartilage

11,12

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True ribs

1-7

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False ribs

8-12

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Vertebral end attaches to ___

thoracic vertebrae

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Sternal end attaches to ___

sternum

body of rib, angles downward and forward which is termed the "angle of the rib"

shaft

Consists of a head which attaches to 1 or 2 tspine

vertebral end

on vertebral end, the neck is ___

flattened

Lateral to the neck is a tubercle which articulates with

transverse process of tspine vertebrae

The vertebral end of a rib is how much higher than the sternal end

3-5"

Lower inside margin is called

costal groove

What does the costal groove of rib protect

an artery, a vein, and a nerve

What can rib injuries be associated with

heavy hemorrhaging

What does the 1st ribs look like

short, broad, and most vertical

Ribs get longer with what ribs

down to the 7th rib

What does the ribs 8-12 look like

significantly shorter

Bony thorax is widest at lateral margins of what ribs

8-9th

Degree of obliquity required to get a good pic of sternum depends on size of the thoracic cavity:

small chest- 20 degrees | large chest- 15 degrees

What KVP is best to get good contrast of sternum

75 KVP

A breathing technique is used to get a good sternum because

it blurs out lungs/ribs

Sternum SID

40"

Why is it not recommended to do a sternum at a lower SID

gives a lot more dose

Why would a tech "want" to have a smaller SID

it magnifies the sternum

Rib pictures above the diaphragm- breathing instructions

inspiration

why do you take the above diaphragm on inspiration

brings diaphragm down so you can see the difference between lung & bone

Why do you want a low KVP on ribs

they are small and a large KVP would grey them out

When should you go to a higher KVP range if the injury is over the heart

To penetrate the ribs over the heart

Why would you do lower ribs below diaphragm at the upright bucky

because it hurts to lie on the table and you can take a bigger breath upright, gravity brings abdomen down

why would a tech want to take lower ribs on the table

it spreads out the abdomen

What is the breathing instructions on lower ribs

expiration

What is always taken for rib xrays and why

chest, check for perforation of lungs

3 steps for ribs

1- side that hurts against bucky 2- move spine away from pain 3- CR on side xray is being done on

kvp for lower oblique ribs

75-85 KVP

kvp for upper oblique ribs

65-75 KVP

PA oblique patient position

affected side away from IR

AP oblique patient position

affected side close to IR

AP ribs lower sees what ribs

8-12

AP/PA ribs upper sees what ribs

1-10

RAO/LAO sternoclavicular joints show

joint space closest to IR

What position are patients in for sternoclavicular AP or PA

What breathing instructions for sternclavicular joints

expiration

Lateral sternum is at what SID

72"

Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places is caused by blunt trauma and is associated with underlying pulmonary injury

flail chest

congenital defect is characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and xiphoid process.

pectus carinatrum (pigeon breast)

localized or generalized infection of bone and marrow can be associated with postoperative complications of open heart surgery, which requires the sternum to be split.

osteomyelitis

also known as funnel chest, this deformity is characterized by a depressed sternum.

pectus excavatum

Joint between the costocartilage and the sternal end

Costochondral union or junction

Cartilage of rib attached to the manubrium

Sternocostal joint

Clavicle and sternum meet at

Sternoclavicular joint

Costal cartilage and anterior 6th-9th ribs

Interchondral joints

What ribs are found with constotransverse joints

1-10 (ribs 11&12 lack this joint)