Ch 10

Question 1

Covariance

Answer 1

When 2 va have a relationship/ covary/ vary together (+, -, curvilinear)

Question 2

Temporal precedence

Answer 2

When one va comes first before other va is measured/ changes

Question 3

Internal Validity

Answer 3

No alternative explanation for relationship between 2 va, no confusion about what caused the outcome; does not include other possible variables that can impact while a relationship is still present between two va

Question 4

Random sampling

Answer 4

• drawing a sample using some random method
• ensures members have an equal chance of being in the sample
• external validity

Question 5

Random assignment

Answer 5

• using of a random method to assign participants into different groups
• ensures groups have the same kinds of ppl in them
• internal validity

Question 6

Systematic

Answer 6

• levels of a variable coincide with experimental group membership
• potential confound
• internal validity threat

Question 7

Unsystematic

Answer 7

• when the levels of a variable fluctuate independently of group membership
• more variability w/in groups
• obscure differences
• less likely to confirm hypothesis as it can be harder to identify differences

Question 8

Manipulation check

Answer 8

• ensures you are actually manipulating what you want to manipulate
• supports construct validity of the IV
• conducted w/in the same study that demonstrates a link between IV and DV
• Same participants

Question 9

Pilot study

Answer 9

• supports construct validity of the IV
• conducted before or after the study that demonstrates a link between the IV and DV
• Different participants