Ch. 1: The Chemical World

Question 1

T/F: Chemicals make up everything around you, including your own body.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F: Chemists study the properties of substances and the particles that compose those substances.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: When a sealed can of soda is opened, the carbon dioxide gas fizzes our because the pressure is released.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Different molecules can have different shapes.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: The proportions of water do not depend on how the atoms are bonded together in the molecule.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F: Both carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules consist of three atoms bonded together in a straight line.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T/F: Molecules are responsible for scattering light which causes the colors of the sunset.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F: All things are made of atoms or molecules.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F: Atoms and molecules determine how matter behaves.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Chemistry is the science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying living organisms.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T/F: The scientific method emphasizes reason as the way to understand the world.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: A hypothesis can never be proven as wrong.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T/F: A theory is always true and can never be proven as wrong.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F: Theories can be tested and validated through experimentation.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F: If experimental results contradict a hypothesis, the hypothesis must be either revised or discarded.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F: The Greek philosophers used observation and experimentation to understand the world.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: A scientific law is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F: The law of conservation of mass states, “In a chemical reaction matter can be created or destroyed.”

Answer 18

False

Question 19

T/F: Antoine Lavoisier observed that burning objects in a closed container resulted in a loss of mass.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

T/F: A scientific theory describes the underlying reasons for observations and laws.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: The scientific method ensures that poor theories are eliminated over time and good theories remain.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

T/F: A theory is the equivalent of an opinion.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T/F: Antoine Lavoisier proposed the atomic theory.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T/F: John Dalton proposed the atomic theory.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: The first step in acquiring scientific knowledge is often the observation or measurement of some aspect of nature.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: if a hypothesis is falsifiable, it means that the hypothesis was once considered true but is now considered false.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T/F: Observations from experiments are used to test theories.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F: A theory can only exist after many experiments have validated a hypothesis.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: Scientific theories are also called models.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F: The atomic theory explains why the law of conservation of mass is true.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F: An established theory is the pinnacle of scientific understanding.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: Quantification is an important tool in understanding chemistry.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F: Lavoisier developed the law of conservation of mass.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F: Combustion means burning.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: The phlogiston theory of combustion is still considered correct today.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

T/F: Quantification involves measurement as part of an observation.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F: In soda, the carbon dioxide is forced to mix with the water by the presence of sugars.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What is chemistry?

Answer 38

The science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what atoms and molecules do.

Question 39

Why do chemists use the scientific method?

Answer 39

Because it is a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation—to produce knowledge as the result of the senses.

Question 40

What is a scientific law?

Answer 40

A number of similar observations generalized into a brief statement summarizing past observation and predicting new ones.

Question 41

What is a scientific theory?

Answer 41

A model that explains the underlying reasons for observations and laws.

Question 42

What is the purpose of experiments?

Answer 42

To produce the results predicted by a theory.

Question 43

What are the important characteristics of the scientific method?

Answer 43

Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Laws/Theories

Question 44

What is the difference between scientific law and theory?

Answer 44

Law: Statements based off of similar observations; can be proven wrong. Theories: Built off of laws; models of how nature behaves.