Ch 1 - Stroke: Aphasia Flashcards
What are the types of Fluent Aphasia?
Wernicke’s
Transcortical sensory
Conduction
Anomia
What are the types of Nonfluent Aphasia?
Broca’s
Transcortical motor
Global
Mixed transcortical
What is the location of Wernicke’s aphasia?
Posterior part of superior (first) temporal gyrus of the dominant (usually left) hemisphere
What are the characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia?
Fluent speech (-) Comprehension (-) Repetition Word deafness Alexia Agraphia Marked paraphasias and neologisms
What is the location of Broca’s aphasia?
Posterior-inferior frontal lobe (3rd frontal convolution) of dominant hemisphere> anterior to motor cortex that supply tongue, lips and larynx
What are the characteristics of Broca’s aphasia?
Nonfluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
Paraphasias and articulatory errors or struggle
What is the location of Global aphasia?
Vary in size and location but usually left MCA (entire perisylvian region)
What are the characteristics of Global aphasia?
Nonfluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
What is the location of Anomic aphasia?
Temporo-parietal injury, angular gyrus
What are the characteristics of Anomic aphasia?
Fluent speech (+) Comprehension (+) Repetition (-) Naming Decreased output of nouns Word-finding difficulty Alexia/agraphia may be present
What is the location of Conduction aphasia?
Parietal operculum (arcuate fasciculus) or insula or deep to the supramarginal gyrus (usually left)
What are the characteristics of Conduction aphasia?
Fluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
Literal paraphasias with “targeting” of words (until getting the right one)
What is the arcuate fasciculus?
Band of white matter running deep to the supramarginal gyrus and insula that joins Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
What is the location of Transcortical motor aphasia?
Frontal lobe, anterior or superior to Broca’s area or in the subcortical region deep to Broca’s area
What are the characteristics of Transcortical motor aphasia?
Nonfluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
Reduced rate of speech and initiation
What is the location of Transcortical sensory aphasia?
Watershed lesion isolating perisylvian speech structures (Brocas and Wernicke’s areas) from the posterior brain; angular gyrus or posterior-inferior temporal lobe
What are the characteristics of Transcortical sensory aphasia?
Fluent speech (-) Comprehension (+) Repetition Echolalia Neologisms
What is the location of Transcortical mixed aphasia?
Border zone of frontal, parietal and temporal areas
What are the characteristics of Transcortical mixed aphasia?
Nonfluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
Echolalia
Where are language areas atomically clustered in 95% of people?
Sylvian fissure of the dominant left hemisphere
What is a paraphasia error?
Substitution of words or parts of words
What is a Literal or Phonemic paraphasia error?
Similar sounds
ex: “sound” for “found”
What is a Verbal or Semantic paraphasia error?
Word substituted for another of the same
ex: “fork” for “spoon”
What is Agrammatism?
Aphasia in which there is absence of grammatical structure in a sentence
What is Anomia (anomic or nominal aphasia)?
Difficulty recalling words
What is Echolalia?
Repetition (“echoing”) of words or vocalizations made by another person.
What is Circumlocution?
Round about way of describing a word that cannot be recalled.
Often seen in
conjunction with anomia
What is Neologism?
A “new word” that is well articulated but has meaning only to the speaker
What is Jargon?
Well articulated but mostly incomprehensible, unintelligible speech. Associated with Wernicke’s aphasia.
What is Stereotype?
Repetition of nonsensical syllables (e.g., “no, no, no”) during attempts at
communication
What is the most widely accepted approach to aphasia?
Loss versus interference
Describe loss versus interference approach to aphasia.
Brain interferes with linguistic operation
What is Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT)?*
Recruits right hemisphere for communication by incorporating melodies or rhythms with simple statements
What types of aphasia is Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) useful in?
Nonfluent (Broca’s) aphasia
What is the timeline for post-stroke recovery?*
Greatest improvement first 2-3 mo after onset
Drop in recovery aft 6 mo
