Ch. 1- pg 13-21 definitions of nursing -> collective bargaining Flashcards
who was considered the first nurse theorist?
Florence nightingale 1860-1969
What did Florence Nightingale define nursing as?
what did she consider essential for recovery?
the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in recovery
she considered a clean, well-ventilated, quiet environment essential for recovery pg 13
Nursing is… (examples)
caring an art a science client centered holistic adaptive concerned with health promotion, maintenance, and restoration a helping profession pg 13
a consumer is…
an individual, a group of people, or a community that uses a service or commodity. people who use health care products or services are consumers of health care.
pg 13
a patient is…
a person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care. pg 13
a client is…
a person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide this service. pg 13
nurses provide care for three types of clients:
individuals, families, and communities
the 4 areas that fall under the scope of nursing are
- promoting health and wellness
- preventing illness
- restoring health
- caring for the dying
pg 13-14
how do nurses promote health and wellness?
individual or community activities such as helping to improve nutrition, prevent drug and alcohol abuse, restrict smoking, etc.
how do nurses prevent illness?
suggesting immunizations, prevention of STD’s
how do nurses restore health?
providing direct care to the ill, performing diagnostic procedures, measuring BP
how do nurses care for the dying?
by helping them live as comfortable as possible and helping the family cope with death.
- hospice
what is the purpose of the ANA Standards of practice?
to describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable.
what is the purpose of the ANA standards of professional performance?
to describe behaviors expected in the professional nursing role.
what are some roles and functions of the nurse?
caregiver communicator teacher client advocate counselor change agent leader manager case manager pg 15-16
caregiver
includes those activities that assist the client physically and psychologically while preserving the clients dignity. can be full care, partial care, or supportive/educative assistance.
communicator
nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health care team.
teacher
the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health. pg 15
client advocate
acts to protect the client
counseling
the process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems to develop improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth.
change agent
when assisting clients to make modifications in their behavior.
leader
influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal.
manager
also delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and other nurses, and supervises, and evaluates their performance.
case manager
in some institutions, the case manager works with primary or staff nurses to oversee the care of a specific caseload. each agency or unit specifies the role of the nurse case manager.
expanded career role examples
nurse practitioner nurse anesthetist nurse midwife nurse administrator nurse educator forensic nurse etc.
criteria of a profession
specialized education- your degree
body of knowledge
service orientation- differentiates nursing from an occupation pursued primarily for profit.
ongoing research
code of ethics
autonomy- regulates itself and sets standards for its members
professional organization
profession
defined as an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires knowledge, skill, and preparation.
professionalism
refers to the professional character, spirit, or methods.
professionalization
is the process of becoming professional, that is, of acquiring characteristics considered to be professional
governance
the establishment and maintenance of social, political, and economic arrangements by which practitioners control their practice, their self-discipline, their working conditions, ad their professional affairs.
socialization
can be defined simply as the process by which people learn to become members of groups and society learn the social rules defining relationships into which they will enter.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage: I
Stage I: Novice- no experience (nursing student). Performance is limited, inflexible, and governed by context- free rules and regulations rather than experience.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage: II
Stage II: Advanced Beginner- demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. recognizes the meaningful aspects of a real situation. has experienced enough real situations to make judgments about them.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage: III
Stage III: Competent- Has 2-3 years of experience. Demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Differentiates important factors from less important aspects of care. coordinates multiple complex care demands.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage: IV
Stage IV- Proficient- Has 3-5 years of experience. perceive situations as wholes rather than in terms of parts, as in stage II. uses maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation. has holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making. focuses on long term goals.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage: V
Stage V: expert- performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient; no longer requires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations. is inclined to take a certain action because it felt right.
factors influencing contemporary nursing practice
health care reform quality and safety in health care consumer demands family structure science and technology information, telehealth, and telenursing legislation demography current nursing shortage collective bargaining nursing associations
Telehealth
the “use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve the patient’s health status.
telenursing
is the use of telecommunications and information technology to provide nursing practice at a distance.
Patient Self- Determination Act (PSDA)
requires that every competent adult be informed in writing on admission to a health care institution about his or her rights to accept or refuse medical care and to use advance directives.
demography
the study of population, including statistics about distribution by age and place of residence, mortality (death) and morbidity (incidence of disease.
