Ch 1 -Overview Flashcards
CH 1 PAGE 25-38
READ CH 15 for overview of all 11 theories of entire book.
Psychodynamic Therapy:
Founder: Freud
A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human development, & a method of psychotherapy that focuses on insight, unconscious factors that motivate behaviour & reconstruction of the personality.
First 6 yrs of life is considered determinants of personality later in life.
Psychodynamic Therapy:
Founder: Alfred Adler (Rudolf Dreikurs popularized this approach in the US)
This therapy emphasizes assuming responsibility, creating one’s destiny, & finding meaning and goals to make life purposeful, conscious action, belonging, social interest. Used in most other therapies.
Differs from psychoanalytic theory in many ways, but can be broadly considered an analytic perspective.
Experiential & Relationship-Oriented Therapy:
3 : Existential Therapy
Founder: Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom.
Stresses building therapy based on the basics of human existence (choice, freedom & responsibility to shape one’s future, self-determination, anxiety, guilt, awareness of being finite, ). This therapy is in reaction to therapy being a ‘system of well-defined techniques’. Person-centred approach – what does it mean to be fully human.
Focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
Experiential & Relationship-Oriented Therapy:
4 : Person-centred Therapy
Founder: Carl Rogers (with Natalie Rogers)
Developed during 1940’s, as a reaction against psychoanalsis. Based on subjective view of human experiencing – places responsibility and faith on the client in dealing with problems/concerns (humanistic philosophy).
Places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist – maintains that the ‘quality of the client-therapist relationship is the prime determinant of the outcomes of the therapeutic process.’ Clients have the capacity for self-direction w/o active intervention and direction of the therapist (philosophically).
Experiential & Relationship-Oriented Therapy:
5 : Gestalt Therapy
Founders: Fritz Perls, Laura Perls (with Miriam & Erving Polster)
An experiential therapy - stresses awareness & integration of the here and now. As opposed to person-centred therapy, these therapists take an active role and follow the leads provided by the clients. Emphasizes emotion to bringing about change.
A reaction against analytic therapy, as it integrates the functioning of body & mind and empasizes therapeutic relationship.
Cognitive Behavioural Approach:
6 : Behaviour Therapy
Founders: B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura.
Applies the principles of learning in order to resolve specific behavioural problems. Doing and taking steps to make concrete changes. Results are subject to continual experimentation (methods continue to be refined). Includes mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches.
Cognitive Behavioural Approach:
7: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Founders: Albert Ellis, A.T. Beck.
Ellis founded rational emotive behaviour therapy, a highly didactic, cognitive, action-oriented model of therapy.
Beck founded cognitive therapy –focuses on thinking, as it influences behaviour. Judith Beck continues to develop CBT. Christine Padesky has developed strengths-based CBT. Donald Meichenbaum (also CBT) contributed to resilience as a factor in coping with trauma.
Action-oriented therapy – emphasizes translating insights into behavioural action. Challenging inaccurate beliefs and automatic thoughts that lead to behavioural problems. Helps people modify their inaccurate and self-defeating assumptions and develop new patterns of acting.
Cognitive Behavioural Approach:
8 : Choice Theory
Reality Therapy
Founder : William Glasser (with Robert Wubbolding)
A short-term approach based on choice theory and client assuming responsibility in the present. Client learns more effective ways of meeting their needs in therapy.
Reality Therapy focuses on clients’ current behaviour and stresses developing clear plans for new behaviours.
Systems & Postmodern Approaches:
9: Feminist Therapy
Founders: Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zerbe Enns, Oliva Espin, Laura Brown.
Concern for the psychological oppression of women. Focus on constraints imposed by sociopolitical status. Explores women’s identity development, self-concept, goals, aspirations, & emotional well-being.
To bring about change, it’s essential to focus on how the clients personality has been affected by his or her gender-role socialization, culture, family, and other systems.
Systems & Postmodern Approaches:
10 : Postmodern Approach
Founders: Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg (solution-focused brief therapy), Michael White, David Epston (narrative therapy).
These assume that there is no single truth – reality is socially constructed through human interaction. Maintains that the client is an expert in their life.
Includes social constructionism, solution-focused brief therapy, and narrative therapy. Focuses on how people produce their own lives in the context of systems, interactions, social conditioning, and discourse.
Systems & Postmodern Approaches:
11 : Family Systems Therapy
Founders: Murray Bowen, Virginia Satir.
Systemic approach based on the assumption that the change comes from working with the family, in order to change the individual.
