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A & P Lecture Ch. 1-6 > Ch. 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of function

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3
Q

physiology emerges from

A

anatomy

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4
Q

anatomical structures in isolation are not meaningful without

A

physiological processes

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5
Q

why should we study anatomy and physiology

A

to understand how we work, to define and create human health and vitality, and to define and treat disease

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6
Q

ways to study anatomy

A

by looking at it (inspection), physical examinations, dissections of cadavers, use of comparative anatomy, and medical imaging

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7
Q

if no tool is needed, you’re observing

A

gross anatomy

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8
Q

microscopic anatomy includes

A

histology and cytology

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9
Q

histology

A

the study of all tissues

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10
Q

cytology

A

individual cells

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11
Q

palpation

A

feeling with the hands

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12
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the body

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13
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the body

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14
Q

comparative anatomy

A

comparing to another species

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15
Q

medical imaging

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery, radiology

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16
Q

understanding physiology depends on knowing

A

anatomy

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17
Q

subdivision of physiology deal with

A

specific body systems

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18
Q

physiology is often focused on events at

A

cellular and molecular levels

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19
Q

reductionism

A

bottom-up approach, understanding the PARTS will help you understand how the body works

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20
Q

holism

A

top-down approach, “we are more than just a sum of our parts”

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21
Q

you are as different on the inside as you are on the

A

outside

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22
Q

some people lack a

A

palmaris longus and plantaris muscle

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23
Q

the average number of lumbar vertebrae is 5, some people have

A

4 or 6

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24
Q

kidney position, blood supply, and drainage

A

can vary

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25
Q

blood vessels

A

are highly variable in number and position

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26
Q

physiology varies with:

A

sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, etc..

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27
Q

inspection

A

simply looking at the body’s appearance

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28
Q

dissection

A

carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationship

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29
Q

cadaver

A

a dead human body

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30
Q

exploratory surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it

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31
Q

Ultrastructure

A

refers to fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

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32
Q

comparative physiology

A

the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction

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33
Q

histopathology

A

branch of medicine that studies tissues for disease

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34
Q

structural hierarchy

A

atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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35
Q

organism

A

a single, complete individual

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36
Q

the urinary system is an example of

A

organ system

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37
Q

the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life

A

cell

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38
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells working together for a common function

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39
Q

organelles are composed of

A

molecules

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40
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs with a unique collective function

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41
Q

organ

A

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

42
Q

what structure encloses a human cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell

A

nuclear envelope

43
Q
A

plasma membrane

44
Q

the name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n)

A

receptor

45
Q

blood pressure is controlled by what kind of feedback

A

negative

46
Q

an integrating center

A

processes information

47
Q

what is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called

A

effector

48
Q

what part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action

A

integrating center

49
Q

physiology attempts to _______________ inside the body

A

maintain a balance of conditions

50
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

around a set point

51
Q

feedback mechanisms typically rely on three parts:

A

receptor, control center, effector

52
Q

negative feedback

A

deviation from set point is detected and the deviation is corrected. when set point is reached, the mechanism stops

53
Q

positive feedback

A

self-amplifying cycle in which the deviation from the set point gives rise to further deviation from the set point

54
Q

sagittal section

A

pov from side

55
Q

frontal section

A

pov from front

56
Q

transverse section

A

pov from cut in half

57
Q

anterior

A

toward the ventral side (front)

58
Q

posterior

A

toward the dorsal side (back)

59
Q

rostral

A

rostral

60
Q

superior

A

above

61
Q

inferior

A

below

62
Q

medial

A

toward the median plane

63
Q

lateral

A

away from the median plane

64
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment or origin

65
Q

distal

A

farther from the point of attachment or origin

66
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body

67
Q

contralateral

A

on opposite sides of the body

68
Q

superficial

A

closer to the body surface

69
Q

deep

A

farther from the body surface

70
Q

the terms distal/proximal are preferred in the _____ over superior/inferior

A

limbs

71
Q

the terms superior/inferior are preferred in the _____ of the body over distal/proximal

A

trunk

72
Q

two major body regions:

A

axial and appendicular

73
Q

axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

74
Q

neck

A

cervical

75
Q

trunk

A

made of thoracic and abdominal regions

76
Q

appendicular upper limb

A

arm, forearm, wrist, hand, fingers

77
Q

arm

A

brachial

78
Q

forearm

A

antebrachial

79
Q

wrist

A

carpal

80
Q

hand

A

manual

81
Q

fingers & toes

A

digits

82
Q

appendicular lower limb

A

thigh, leg, ankle, foot, toes

83
Q

thigh

A

femoral

84
Q

leg

A

crural

85
Q

ankle

A

tarsal

86
Q

foot

A

pedal

87
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

cranial and vertebral

88
Q

ventral body cavity

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

89
Q

thoracic cavity

A

right and left pleural cavities separated by mediastinum and pericardial

90
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

91
Q

vertebral canal

A

spinal cord

92
Q

pleural cavity

A

lungs

93
Q

pericardial cavity

A

heart

94
Q

abdominal cavity

A

digestive organs, spleen, kidneys

95
Q

pelvic cavity

A

bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

96
Q

serous membranes

A

cover the organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

97
Q

parietal serosa

A

covers the wall of the cavity

98
Q

visceral serosa

A

covers the organs

99
Q

mesentery

A

visceral peritoneum that suspends/anchors an organ

100
Q

serosa

A

visceral peritoneum that encircles the outer surface of organs (like stomach and intestine)

101
Q

greater and lesser omentum

A

fatty extension of visceral peritoneum that lies on the anterior surface of the organs (unattached)

A & P Lecture Ch. 1-6 (3 decks)

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