A & P Lecture Ch. 2, 3, and 4

Question 1

primarily 3 elements (by weight) make up all living things:

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

Question 2

atoms made of:

Answer 2

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 3

ionic bonding

Answer 3

physical exchange of an electron from one atom to another

Question 4

ionic bonding

Answer 4

results in the production of a cation (positive charge) and anion (negative charge). the resulting atoms are electrically attracted to each other

Question 5

covalent bonds

Answer 5

result from the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 6

single covalent bonds

Answer 6

share one pair of electrons

Question 7

double covalent bonds

Answer 7

share two pairs of electrons

Question 8

triple covalent bonds

Answer 8

share three pairs of electrons: very strong

Question 9

the most electronegative atom in a compound will draw the

Answer 9

electron density

Question 10

electrons equally shared

Answer 10

non-polar covalent bond

Question 11

electrons not equally shared

Answer 11

polar covalent bond

Question 12

nonpolar molecules move into cells more easily than

Answer 12

polar molecules

Question 13

hydrogen bonding

Answer 13

weak bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom attached to a very electronegative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) and another molecule

Question 14

hydrogen

Answer 14

slightly positive

Question 15

other atom

Answer 15

slightly negative

Question 16

hydrogen bonding is involved in:

Answer 16

protein folding, holding DNA strands together, dispersing heat (evaporative sweating), and much more

Question 17

cohesion

Answer 17

tendency of water molecules to cling together

Question 18

adhesion

Answer 18

tendency of water molecules to cling to other molecules

Question 19

thermal stability

Answer 19

high heat capacity takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water

Question 20

solvency

Answer 20

water is a powerful solvent

Question 21

water is considered the:

Answer 21

universal solvent

Question 22

water can dissolve molecules that are:

Answer 22

hydrophilic (polar)

Question 23

nonpolar/ hydrophobic molecules

Answer 23

do not dissolve in water

Question 24

acids

Answer 24

release hydrogen ions (H+) “proton donors”

Question 25

bases

Answer 25

release hydroxyl ions (OH-) “proton acceptors”

Question 26

low pH

Answer 26

acidic

Question 27

high pH

Answer 27

basic

Question 28

7

Answer 28

neutral

Question 29

blood

Answer 29

7.3-7.4 (homeostatic)

Question 30

buffers

Answer 30

are molecules that resist changes to pH in the human body

Question 31

organic compounds

Answer 31

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 32

organic compounds

Answer 32

contain carbon

Question 33

most large compounds are

Answer 33

polymers made from monomers

Question 34

polymer

Answer 34

large molecules made of small, repetitive units