Ch. 1: Intro to Resp. Care Pharm Flashcards
a1-Proteinase inhibitor
(orphan drug)
replacement therapy for congenital a1-proteinase deficiency.
Acetylcysteine
(orphan drug)
for acetaminophen overdose
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Respiratory disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency that may occur as a result of trauma, pneumonia, oxygen toxicity, gram-negative sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response.
Aerosolized agents
Group of aerosol drugs for pulmonary applications that includes: adrenergic, anticholinergic, mucoactive, corticosteroid, antiasthmatic, and antiinfective agents and surfactants instilled directly into the trachea.
Airway resistance (Raw)
Measure of the impedance to ventilation caused by the movement of gas through the airway.
Alphanumeric Coding System of the FDA
Chemical/Pharmaceutical Standing
- 1 = New chemical entity
- 2 = New salt form
- 3 = New dosage form
- 4 = New combination
- 5 = Generic drug
- 6 = New indication
Therapeutic Potential
- A = Important (significant) therapeutic gain over other drugs
- AA = Important therapeutic gain, indicated for a patient with AIDS; fast-track
- B = Modest therapeutic gain
- C = Important options; little or no therapeutic gain
Beractant (Survanta): orphan drug
prevention or treatment of RDS in newborns
CF transmembane conductance regulator: orphan drug
treatment of CF
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Disease process characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, is usually progressive, and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. Diseases that cause airflow limitation include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and bronchiectasis.
Code name
Name assigned by a manufacturer to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug. An example is aerosol SCH 1000, which was the code name for ipratropium bromide, a parasympatholytic bronchodilator
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disease of the exocrine glands, affecting the pancreas, respiratory system, and apocrine glands. Symptoms usually begin in infancy and are characterized by increased electrolytes in sweat, chronic respiratory infection, and pancreatic insufficiency.
Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme): orphan drug
treatment of CF (reduction of mucus viscosity and increase in airway secretion clearance.
Drug administration
Method by which a drug is made available to the body.
Drug Sources
Animal: thyroid hormone, insulin, pancreatic dornase
Plant: Khellin (Ammi visnaga); atropine (belladonna alkaloid); digitalis (foxglove); reserpine (Rauwolfia serpentina); volatile oils of eucalyptus, pine, anise
Mineral: copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), mineral oil (liquid hydrocarbons)
Drugs
chemicals that interact with an organism to alter its function, providing methods of diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease. A drug is any chemical that alters an organism’s functions or processes. Ex. oxygen, alcohol, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), heparin, epinephrine and vitamins.
Generic name
Name assigned to a chemical by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council when the chemical appears to have therapeutic use and the manufacturer wishes to market the drug.
Naming Drugs
Each drug has five different names: chemical, code, official, generic, and trade (or brand).
Chemical name: indicates the drug’s chemical structure.
Code name: given to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug.
- example is aerosol SCH 1000, which was the code name for ipratropium bromide, a parasympatholytic bronchodilator
Generic name: Nonproprietary name
- The name assigned to a chemical by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council when the chemical appears to have therapeutic use and the manufacturer wishes to market the drug.
- Instead of a numeric or alphanumeric code, as in the code name, this name often is loosely based on the drug’s chemical structure.
- example, isoproterenol has an isopropyl group attached to the terminal nitrogen on the amino side chain, whereas metaproterenol is the same chemical structure as isoproterenol except that a dihydroxy attachment on the catechol nucleus is now in the so-called meta position (carbon-3,5 instead of carbon-3,4).
Official name: what the generic name becomes once it receives official approval.
- Because an officially approved drug may be marketed by many manufacturers under different names, it is recommended that clinicians use the official name, which is nonproprietary, and not brand names.
Trade name: This is the brand name, or proprietary name, given by a particular manufacturer.
Nitric oxide gas (INOmax): orphan drug
- peristent pulmonary hypertension of newborns
- ARDS in adults
Nonproprietary name
Name of a drug other than its trademarked name.
Official name
In the event that an experimental drug becomes fully approved for general use and is admitted to the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP-NF), the generic name becomes the official name.
Orphan drugs
Drug or biologic product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease (affecting fewer than 200,000 persons in the United States).
1983: Legislation provided incentive for more research.
Orphan Drugs of interest to an RT:
- Acetylcysteine: for actaminophen overdose
- a1-Proteinase inhibitor: replacement therapy for congenital a1-proteinase deficiency.
- Beractant: RDS in newborns
- CF transmembane conductance regulator: treatment of CF
- Dornase alfa: treatment of CF (reduction of mucus viscosity and increase in airway secretion clearance.
- Nitric oxide gas: pulmonary hypertension of newborns and ARDS in adults
- Tobramycin for inhalation: peudomonas aeruginosa in CF or bronchiectasis
- Pentamidine isethionate: prevents Pnemocystis jiroveci pneumonia in high-risk patients.
Pentamidine isethionate: orphan drug
prevents Pnemocystis jiroveci pneumonia in high-risk patients.
