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Bio 121 > Ch. 1 Defined Words > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Defined Words Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts.

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2
Q

Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

A

Involves examining fairly large structures.

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3
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the human body.

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4
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the internal structures, physiology, and chemistry of cells.

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5
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues.

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6
Q

Sign

A

The visible, objective evidence o the presence of a disease.

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7
Q

Symptom

A

An abnormality of function as a result of disease; subjective experience of patient.

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8
Q

Scientific method

A

A system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation.

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9
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest stable unit of matter.

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10
Q

Molecules

A

A chemical structure containing two or more atoms that are bonded together by shared electrons.

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11
Q

Cells

A

The smallest living structural unit in the human body.

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12
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of specialized cells and cell products that performs a specific function.

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13
Q

Organs

A

Combinations of tissues that perform complex functions.

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14
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function.

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15
Q

Organism

A

An individual life form.

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16
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Locating structures on or near the body surface.

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17
Q

Anatomical position

A

An anatomical reference position; the body viewed from the anterior surface with the palms facing forward.

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18
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up, with palms facing anteriorly.

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19
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down with the palms facing the floor.

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20
Q

Sectional plane

A

A view or slice along a two-dimensional flat surface.

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21
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

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22
Q

Sagittal plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

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23
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

A plane passing through the midline of the body that divides it into left and right halves.

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24
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

A plane that parallels the midsagittal plane but that doesn’t pass along the midline.

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25
Q

Transverse plane

A

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

26
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Th term used to refer to the general region bounded by the abdominal wall and the pelvis; it contains the peritoneal cavity and visceral organs.

27
Q

Diaphragm

A

Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

28
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

29
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Body cavities of the thoracic region that surround the lungs.

30
Q

Mediastinum

A

The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities.

31
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium (visceral pericardium) that encloses the outer surface of the heart.

32
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

The potential space within the abdominopelvic cavity lined by the peritoneum.

33
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; closes the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and male or female reproductive organs.

34
Q

Homeostatsis

A

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.

35
Q

Autoregulation

A

Changes in activity that maintain homeostasis in direct response to changes in the local environment; doesn’t require neural or endocrine control.

36
Q

Receptor

A

A sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

37
Q

Control center

A

Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands.

38
Q

Effector

A

A peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron.

39
Q

Negative feedback

A

A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.

40
Q

Positive feedback

A

A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an initial stimulus.

41
Q

Equilibrium

A

A dynamic state in which two opposing forces or processes are in balance.

42
Q

Acute

A

A disease of short duration but typically severe.

43
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The treatment of disease or mental disorder by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.

44
Q

Chronic

A

Illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. Often contrasted with acute.

45
Q

Epidemiology

A

The branch of science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

46
Q

Etiology

A

The science and study of the cause of diseases.

47
Q

Idiopathic

A

Denoting any disease or condition of unknown cause.

48
Q

Morbidity

A

The state of being diseased or unhealthy, or the incidence of disease in a population.

49
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.

50
Q

Syndrome

A

A condition characterized by a group of associated symptoms.

51
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Physiological systems continually adapt and adjust to changing conditions.

52
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The floor of the diencephalon; the region of the brain containing centers involved with the subconscious regulation of visceral functions, emotions, drives, and the coordination of neural and endocrine functions.

53
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Exterior features

54
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Body areas

55
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Organ systems

56
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Medical specialties

57
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

From conception to death.

58
Q

Cell physiology

A

Processes within and between cells

59
Q

Organ physiology

A

Functions of specific organs

60
Q

Systemic physiology

A

Functions of an organ system

61
Q

Pathological physiology

A

Effects of diseases

Bio 121 (12 decks)

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