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Bio 121 > Ch. 1 Defined Words > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Defined Words Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts.

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2
Q

Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

A

Involves examining fairly large structures.

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3
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the human body.

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4
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the internal structures, physiology, and chemistry of cells.

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5
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues.

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6
Q

Sign

A

The visible, objective evidence o the presence of a disease.

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7
Q

Symptom

A

An abnormality of function as a result of disease; subjective experience of patient.

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8
Q

Scientific method

A

A system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation.

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9
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest stable unit of matter.

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10
Q

Molecules

A

A chemical structure containing two or more atoms that are bonded together by shared electrons.

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11
Q

Cells

A

The smallest living structural unit in the human body.

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12
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of specialized cells and cell products that performs a specific function.

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13
Q

Organs

A

Combinations of tissues that perform complex functions.

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14
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function.

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15
Q

Organism

A

An individual life form.

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16
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Locating structures on or near the body surface.

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17
Q

Anatomical position

A

An anatomical reference position; the body viewed from the anterior surface with the palms facing forward.

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18
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up, with palms facing anteriorly.

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19
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down with the palms facing the floor.

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20
Q

Sectional plane

A

A view or slice along a two-dimensional flat surface.

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21
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

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22
Q

Sagittal plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

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23
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

A plane passing through the midline of the body that divides it into left and right halves.

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24
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

A plane that parallels the midsagittal plane but that doesn’t pass along the midline.

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25
Transverse plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
26
Abdominopelvic cavity
Th term used to refer to the general region bounded by the abdominal wall and the pelvis; it contains the peritoneal cavity and visceral organs.
27
Diaphragm
Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
28
Viscera
Internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
29
Pleural cavities
Body cavities of the thoracic region that surround the lungs.
30
Mediastinum
The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities.
31
Pericardial cavity
The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium (visceral pericardium) that encloses the outer surface of the heart.
32
Peritoneal cavity
The potential space within the abdominopelvic cavity lined by the peritoneum.
33
Pelvic cavity
The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; closes the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and male or female reproductive organs.
34
Homeostatsis
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.
35
Autoregulation
Changes in activity that maintain homeostasis in direct response to changes in the local environment; doesn’t require neural or endocrine control.
36
Receptor
A sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change
37
Control center
Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands.
38
Effector
A peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron.
39
Negative feedback
A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.
40
Positive feedback
A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an initial stimulus.
41
Equilibrium
A dynamic state in which two opposing forces or processes are in balance.
42
Acute
A disease of short duration but typically severe.
43
Chemotherapy
The treatment of disease or mental disorder by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
44
Chronic
Illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. Often contrasted with acute.
45
Epidemiology
The branch of science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
46
Etiology
The science and study of the cause of diseases.
47
Idiopathic
Denoting any disease or condition of unknown cause.
48
Morbidity
The state of being diseased or unhealthy, or the incidence of disease in a population.
49
Pathophysiology
The functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.
50
Syndrome
A condition characterized by a group of associated symptoms.
51
Dynamic equilibrium
Physiological systems continually adapt and adjust to changing conditions.
52
Hypothalamus
The floor of the diencephalon; the region of the brain containing centers involved with the subconscious regulation of visceral functions, emotions, drives, and the coordination of neural and endocrine functions.
53
Surface anatomy
Exterior features
54
Regional anatomy
Body areas
55
Systemic anatomy
Organ systems
56
Clinical anatomy
Medical specialties
57
Developmental anatomy
From conception to death.
58
Cell physiology
Processes within and between cells
59
Organ physiology
Functions of specific organs
60
Systemic physiology
Functions of an organ system
61
Pathological physiology
Effects of diseases

Bio 121 (12 decks)

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