Ch 1 & Ch2 A&P/Intro

Question 1

Six Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Support

Protection

Movement

Mineral homeostasis

Blood Cell Production

Triglyceride Storage

Question 2

Types of bones:

Thigh, leg, arm, fingers, toes

Answer 2

Long Bones

Question 3

Types of bones:

Wrist and ankle bones

Answer 3

Short Bones

Question 4

Types of bones:

Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Answer 4

Flat Bones

Question 5

Types of bones:

Vertebrae, Facial bones

Answer 5

Irregular bones

Question 6

Part of a long bone:

The Shaft

Answer 6

Diaphysis

Question 7

Ends of the long bone

Answer 7

Epiphyses

Question 8

Contains the growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

Located between the shaft and end of bone

Answer 8

Metaphyses

Question 9

Bone building cells

Answer 9

Osteoblasts

Question 10

Maintain bone

Exchange nutrients and waste with blood

These are osteoblasts encased in matrix they build

Answer 10

Osteocytes

Question 11

Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 12

Joints are classified based on their:

Answer 12

Structure

Question 13

Different Structures of joints

Answer 13

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 14

Types of joints:

No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 14

Fibrous joints

Question 15

Types of joints:

No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage

Answer 15

Cartilaginous joints

Question 16

Types of joints:

Have synovial cavity and many other components such as ligaments

Answer 16

Synovial joints

Question 17

Examples of fibrous joints

Answer 17

Sutures of the skull

Intraosseous membrane

Question 18

Dense irregular tissue between long bones

• Radius-ulna
• Tibia-fibula

Answer 18

Interosseous membrane

Question 19

Space containing fluid

Answer 19

Synovial cavity

Question 20

Cartilage that reduces friction between bones for synovial joints

Answer 20

Articular cartilage

Question 21

Synovial joints:

Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly

Answer 21

Articular discs (menisci)

Question 22

Sacs that contain synovial fluid

Located where friction can occur, decreases friction

Answer 22

Bursae

Question 23

Structure of Synovial Joints

Answer 23

Synovial Cavity

Articular Cartilage

Ligaments

Synovial membrane

Accessory ligaments

Articular discs

Bursae

Question 24

Joints that are convex to concave surfaces

Allow flexion and extension only

Answer 24

Hinge Joints

Question 25

Composed of connective tissue Connect bone to bone

Answer 25

Ligaments

Question 26

Tough band of fibrous connective tissue Function to connect muscle to bone

Answer 26

Tendons

Question 27

Skeletal muscle contracts and moves bones via:

Answer 27

Tendons

Question 28

Covers ends of bones Absorbs shock Reduces friction

Answer 28

Cartilage

Question 29

Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement - Between the skin and bone - Between tendons and bones - Between muscles and bones - Between ligaments and bones

Answer 29

Bursa

Question 30

Type of muscle: Movement of bones/body parts Stabilize body positions

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle

Question 31

Type of muscle: Heart only Develops pressure for blood flow

Answer 31

Cardiac muscle

Question 32

Types of muscle: Located in the GI Tract

Answer 32

Smooth muscle

Question 33

Four major functions of muscles

Answer 33

Produce body movements Stabilize body positions Store and move substances Produce heat

Question 34

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Answer 34

Flexion

Question 35

Increase in angle between articulating bones

Answer 35

Extension

Question 36

Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane

Answer 36

Hyperextension

Question 37

Movement of bone away from the midline

Answer 37

Abduction

Question 38

Movement of bone toward the midline

Answer 38

Adduction

Question 39

Movement of distal end in a circle

Answer 39

Circumduction

Question 40

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

Answer 40

Rotation

Question 41

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

Answer 41

Inversion

Question 42

Movement of the soles of the foot laterally

Answer 42

Eversion

Question 43

Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)

Answer 43

Dorsiflexion

Question 44

Bending the foot toward the plantar surfaces (Standing on toes)

Answer 44

Plantarflexion

Question 45

Movement of forearm so palms face forward or upward

Answer 45

Supination

Question 46

Movement of the forearms so palms face backward or downward

Answer 46

Pronation

Question 47

_____ results from pain, disease to the muscle or damage to the motor neuron

Answer 47

Atrophy

Question 48

Results from injury to muscle's motor neuron

Answer 48

Fasciculations

Question 49

Examine _____ range of motion if unable to complete active range of motion

Answer 49

Passive

Question 50

Passive range of motion typically exceeds active range of motion by __ degrees

Answer 50

5

Question 51

Used to precisely measure joint angles

Answer 51

Goniometer

Question 52

No evidence of muscle function (including muscle twitch)

Answer 52

Zero, 0/5

Question 53

Muscle contraction but no or very limited joint motion

Answer 53

Trace, 1/5

Question 54

Complete range of motion with gravity eliminated

Answer 54

Poor, 2/5

Question 55

Complete range of motion against gravity

Answer 55

Fair, 3/5

Question 56

Complete range of motion against with some resistance

Answer 56

Good, 4/5

Question 57

Complete range of motion with full or normal resistance

Answer 57

Normal, 5/5

Question 58

Muscle weakness may result from:

Answer 58

Disuse atrophy Pain Fatigue Overstretching

Question 59

Nerve root function should be tested if:

Answer 59

Symptoms are due to neck/back problems Disorder is localized to the extremities