Ch. 1 - Bone development and bone markings

Question 1

Endochondral bones

Answer 1

develop from hyaline cartilage, grow rapidly into structures similar to the bones they will eventually become

Question 2

Bones can only grow longitudinally as long as what is open?

Answer 2

the growth plate, which begins closing around adolescence

Question 3

Osteoblasts

Answer 3

new bone is formed by these

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

bone is absorbed by these

Question 5

What are bones made of?

Answer 5

• calcium, collagen and water

Question 6

Cortical vs. cancellous

Answer 6

• cortical - usually outer bone, withstand more stress, low porosity
• cancellous - usually inner bone, withstand more strain, spongy, high porosity

Question 7

Wolff’s law

Answer 7

bone in a healthy individual will adapt to the loads under which it is placed, more load = stronger bone

Question 8

Condyle (Process)

Answer 8

• large, rounded projection that usually articulates with another bone
• medial or lateral condyle of femur

Question 9

Facet (Process)

Answer 9

• small, flat or nearly flat surface
• articular facet of vertebra

Question 10

Head (Process)

Answer 10

• prominent, rounded projection of the proximal end of a bone, usually articulating
• head of femur, head of humerus

Question 11

Crest (Process)

Answer 11

• prominent, narrow, ridgelike projection
• iliac crest of pelvis

Question 12

Epicondyle (Process)

Answer 12

• projection located above a condyle
• medial or lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 13

Line (Process)

Answer 13

• ridge of bone less prominent than a crest
• linea aspera of femu

Question 14

Process (Process)

Answer 14

• any prominent projection
• acromion process of scapula, olecranon process of humerus

Question 15

Suture (Process)

Answer 15

• line of union between bones
• sagittal suture between parietal bones of the skull

Question 16

Trochanter (Process)

Answer 16

• very large projection
• greater or less trochanter of femur

Question 17

Tubercle (Process)

Answer 17

• small, rounded projection
• greater and less tubercles of humerus

Question 18

Tuberosity (Process)

Answer 18

• large, rounded of roughened projection
• radial tuberosity, tibial tuberosity (main attachment for quad)

Question 19

Facet (Depression)

Answer 19

• flattened or shallow articulating surface
• invertebral facets in spine

Question 20

Foramen (Depression)

Answer 20

• hole or opening in bone
• foramen magnum

Question 21

Fossa (Depression)

Answer 21

• hollow, depressed, or flattened surface
• suprspinatus fossa, iliac fossa

Question 22

Meatus (Depression)

Answer 22

• tubelike passage within a bone
• auditory meatus

Question 23

Sinus (Depression)

Answer 23

• cavity or hollow space within a bone
• frontal sinus

Question 24

Sulcus (Depression)

Answer 24

• furrow or groovelike depression on a bone
• intertubercular groove of humerus