Ch. 1 - Bone development and bone markings Flashcards
Endochondral bones
develop from hyaline cartilage, grow rapidly into structures similar to the bones they will eventually become
Bones can only grow longitudinally as long as what is open?
the growth plate, which begins closing around adolescence
Osteoblasts
new bone is formed by these
Osteoclasts
bone is absorbed by these
What are bones made of?
- calcium, collagen and water
Cortical vs. cancellous
- cortical - usually outer bone, withstand more stress, low porosity
- cancellous - usually inner bone, withstand more strain, spongy, high porosity
Wolff’s law
bone in a healthy individual will adapt to the loads under which it is placed, more load = stronger bone
Condyle (Process)
- large, rounded projection that usually articulates with another bone
- medial or lateral condyle of femur
Facet (Process)
- small, flat or nearly flat surface
- articular facet of vertebra
Head (Process)
- prominent, rounded projection of the proximal end of a bone, usually articulating
- head of femur, head of humerus
Crest (Process)
- prominent, narrow, ridgelike projection
- iliac crest of pelvis
Epicondyle (Process)
- projection located above a condyle
- medial or lateral epicondyle of humerus
Line (Process)
- ridge of bone less prominent than a crest
- linea aspera of femu
Process (Process)
- any prominent projection
- acromion process of scapula, olecranon process of humerus
Suture (Process)
- line of union between bones
- sagittal suture between parietal bones of the skull
Trochanter (Process)
- very large projection
- greater or less trochanter of femur
Tubercle (Process)
- small, rounded projection
- greater and less tubercles of humerus
Tuberosity (Process)
- large, rounded of roughened projection
- radial tuberosity, tibial tuberosity (main attachment for quad)
Facet (Depression)
- flattened or shallow articulating surface
- invertebral facets in spine
Foramen (Depression)
- hole or opening in bone
- foramen magnum
Fossa (Depression)
- hollow, depressed, or flattened surface
- suprspinatus fossa, iliac fossa
Meatus (Depression)
- tubelike passage within a bone
- auditory meatus
Sinus (Depression)
- cavity or hollow space within a bone
- frontal sinus
Sulcus (Depression)
- furrow or groovelike depression on a bone
- intertubercular groove of humerus
