CH 1 Anatomy of the Heart: Structure Flashcards
Lower chambers of the heart, thicker walled and pump blood away from the heart throughout the systemic circulation and to the myocardium
ventricle
Upper Chamber of the heart, Thin walled, receive blood as it returns to the heart.
Atriums
The atrioventricular groove that surrounds the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles
Coronary Sulcus
The central section of the thorax ( chest cavity). Area that the heart and its large vessels are housed, lying in front of the spinal columm, behind the sternum, and between the lungs, also located here are the trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes
Mediastinum
Closed, two-layered sac that surrounds the heart
Pericardium
The smooth outer surface of the heart
Epicardium
The thick middle layer of the heart composed primarily of cardiac muscle cells and responsible for the heart’s ability to contract
Myocardium
The innermost layer of the heart; composed of thin connective tissue
Endocardium
Named for its three cusps; located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Fine chords of dense connective tissue that attach to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Similar in structure to the tricuspid valve but with only two cusps and is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Mitral ( or bicuspid valve)
Serve to prevent the back flow of blood into the ventricles, each valve containing three semilunar ( or moon-shaped) cusps
Semilunar Valves
Semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Pulmonic Valve
Semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the trunk of the aorta
Aortic Valve
Thick walled and muscular blood vessels that function under high pressure to convey blood from the heart out to the rest of the body
Arteries
(Arterial Wall) Innermost layer, connective and elastic type of tissue
Tunica Intima
(Arterial Wall) Middle layer, Smooth muscle, Elastic, and Collagen Tissue
Tunica Media
(Arterial Wall) Outer most Layer , Connective tissue type
Tunica Adventitia
The two main arteries that arise from the trunk of the aorta and function to carry oxygenated blood throughout the myocardium
Coronary Arteries
The process by which oxygenated blood is distributed blood is distributed throughout the heart muscle
Coronary Circulation
( Also referred to as the Great Cardiac Vein) short trunk that serves to receive deoxygenated blood from the myocardium
Coronary Sinus
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart operate under low pressure, and are relatively thin walled
Veins
Drains blood from the head and neck
Superior Vena Cava
Collects blood from the rest of the body
Inferior Vena Cava
Movement through a course ( the body) that leads back to the initial point ( the heart )
Circulation
Tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products between the blood and body tissue; “ connectors” between arteries and veins
Capillaries
When blood leaves the heart through the right ventricle and travels in to the Pulmonary Artery to the lungs and back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
Pulmonary Circulation
Refers to gas exchange within the alveolar capillary membranes in the lungs
Tissue Perfusion
Circulation of blood as it leaves the left ventricle and travels through the arteries, and veins of the entire body system and back to the primary receptacle of the heart ( right atrium)
Systemic Circulation
