Ch. 1-4: Exam 1 Flashcards
Individuals with traits best suited to the local environment that are more likely to survive and leave the greatest number of healthy offspring are called
Natural selection
A __ is a comprehensive and well-substantiated explanation, much broader in scope than a hypothesis
Theory
What is an independent variable?
What is being manipulated by the researchers
The __ is the response, output, or effect under investigation that is used to judge the outcome of the experiment
Dependent variable
An experiment in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows which group is the control group is called a
Double-blind experiment
__ is any field of study that is falsely presented as having a scientific basis
Pseudoscience
Recorded observations are called
Data
A __ is a piece of information considered to be objectively true based on all current evidence
Fact
What is the scientific study of life?
Biology
The __ lacks or does not receive the specific factor being tested
Control group
How many naturally occurring elements are essential to humans
25
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called
Matter
A measure of the amount of material in an object is called
Mass
This subatomic particle has a positive charge
Proton
This subatomic particle has no charge
Neutron
__ have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
__ are formed between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bonds
What are reactants in a chemical reaction
The starting materials
A __ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Atom
This type of bond gives water high surface tension
Hydrogen bonds
All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from earlier cells
Cell theory
Organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea
Prokaryotic cells
Organisms of the domain eukarya
Eukaryotic cells
The site where the components of ribosomes are made
Nucleolus
A membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells
Lysosome
Which of the following is not a cytoskeletal fiber
Microcilia
The conversion of light energy from the sun to the chemical energy of sugar and other organic molecules is called what
Photosynthesis
This organelle contributes the most power to plant cells
Chloroplasts
The plasma membrane is called a fluid mosaic model because of the diversity of proteins in the membrane and how the molecules move freely past one another
True
DNA transfers its coded information to transfer RNA (tRNA)
False
Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system
Nucleus
What are genes composed of
DNA
What are the four most common elements found in living organisms
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
Receives, modifies, stores, and distributes cells products
Calciums atomic mass is 40 and its atomic number is 20. How many protons are found in a calcium atom
20
What name is given to substances that resist charges in PH
Buffers
What structure is found in plant cells, but not animal cells
Cell wall
A __ is an example of a producer
Tree
Where does protein synthesis take place
The ribosomes
Functions of the smooth ER include
Lipid synthesis and drug detoxification
What type of bond does sulfuric acid have
Covalent
What is the primary way by which energy leaves your body
Heat
