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EMT-B Exam #1 > CH 1 -2: Intro to EMS / EMT Well-Being > Flashcards

CH 1 -2: Intro to EMS / EMT Well-Being Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a quality improvement program?

A

A program for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of the EMS system.

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2
Q

What are the four general levels of EMS training/certification?

A

EMR, EMT, AEMT, Paramedic

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3
Q

What is a standing order?

A

A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.

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4
Q

What is off-line medical direction?

A

Standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the MD or another physician.

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5
Q

What is on-line medical direction?

A

Orders given directly by the on-duty MD to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone.

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6
Q

What are protocols?

A

A list of steps, such as assessments or interventions, to be taken in different situations. Protocols are developed by the MD of an EMS system.

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7
Q

What causes disease?

A

A pathogen.

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8
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism that causes infection, such as viruses or bacteria. May be spread through air (airborne) or fluids (bloodborne).

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9
Q

What are Standard Precautions?

A

A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.

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10
Q

What type of gloves are used for personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A

Vinyl or non-latex.

BE SURE TO CHANGE BETWEEN PATIENTS!
Use heavier gloves to clean ambulance and soiled equipment.

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11
Q

With blood or fluid spatter, which type of mask should you use?

A

Surgical-type mask

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12
Q

If tuberculosis is suspected, what type of mask should you use?

A

N-95 or high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator

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13
Q

What is a gown used for?

A

To protect clothing and bare skin from spilled or splashed fluids.

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14
Q

When was body substance isolation increasingly emphasized?

A

1980’s

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15
Q

What communicable diseases are of greatest concern?

A

Hep B, Hep C, Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS

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16
Q

What does hepatitis cause?

A

Liver inflammation

17
Q

How is Hepatitis acquired?

A

Through contact with food or water contaminated by stool. Or through contact with blood/body fluids.

18
Q

How long does Hepatitis B live?

A

Many days in dried blood.

19
Q

Which type of Hepatitis does not have a vaccine?

A

Hepatitis C

20
Q

How is Tuberculosis contracted?

A

Airborne

21
Q

How well does HIV/AIDS survive outside the body?

A

Not well

22
Q

What are signs/symptoms of TB?

A 
Productive cough - most common indicator
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Lethargy
Weakness
Night sweats
Fever
23
Q

Is there a vaccine for Tuberculosis?

A

No, but there is a test that can detect exposure, the purified protein derivative (PPD) test.

24
Q

What are the three stages of a body’s response to stress?

A

Alarm reaction - fight or flight
Stage of resistance - body returns to normal
Exhaustion - exposure is prolonged or stressor is severe

25
Q

What are the three types of stress reactions?

A

Acute, delayed and cumulative (burnout)

26
Q

What are symptoms of an acute stress reaction?

A 
Nausea
Numbness
Confusion/difficulty concentrating
Difficulty sleeping
No appetite for food or cannot get enough to eat
27
Q

What are symptoms of a delayed stress reaction?

A 
Flashbacks
Nightmares
Feelings of detachment
Irritability
Sleep trouble
Problems with concentration or interpersonal relationships
28
Q

What are symptoms of burnout (cumulative stress reaction)?

A 
Vague anxiety --> boredom and apathy
Emotional exhaustion
Physical complaints (headaches, stomach ailments)
Significant sleep disturbances
Loss of emotional control
Irritability
Withdrawal from others
Increasing depression
Limited self-control
Paranoia
Suicidal thoughts
29
Q

What are the two types of stress?

A

Eustress and distress

30
Q

What is eustress?

A

Positive form of stress that helps people work under pressure and respond effectively.

31
Q

What is distress?

A

Negative stress - causes immediate and long-term problems.

32
Q

When are critical incident stress debriefing sessions held?

A

Within 24-72 hours after the incident.

33
Q

What is a defusing session?

A

Held within hours of the incident, for those closely involved - discuss feelings and receive information/support.

34
Q

What are the stages of terminal illness identification?

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
35
Q

What are the three R’s of reacting to danger?

A

Retreat
Radio
Reevaluate

EMT-B Exam #1 (20 decks)

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