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SOC 101 > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sociological perspective

A
  • Social contexts in which people live and how it influences people’s lives
  • how groups influence people and how people are influenced by their society
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2
Q

Society

A

Group of people who share a culture and a territory

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3
Q

Social location

A

Corners in life that people occupy because of where they are located in a society
Ex. Job, income, education, gender

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4
Q

Scientific method

A

Using objective, systematic observations to test theories

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5
Q

Auguste Comte

A
  • Positivism: apply scientific method to the social world
  • invented sociology
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6
Q

Sociology

A
  • study of society
  • discover social principles to social reform
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7
Q

Herbert Spencer

A
  • second father of sociology
  • sociology should not guide social reform; would interfere with natural processes
  • Social Darwinism: evolving from barbarian form to civilized form; only the fittest (intelligent) survive
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8
Q

Karl Marx

A
  • Class conflict: two social classes: bourgeoisie (capitalists) and proletariat (workers)
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9
Q

Emile Durkheim

A
  • social factors underlie suicide rates
  • Social Integration: the degree to which people are tied to their social group
  • weaker social ties = higher suicide rate
  • patterns of behavior: recurring characteristics/ events
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10
Q

Max Weber

A
  • religion is the central force in social change
  • Protestant ethic: self-denying approach, birth of capitalism
  • spirit of capitalism: desire to invest capital in order to make more money
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11
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A
  • African American
  • founded NAACP
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12
Q

Jane Addams

A
  • founded Hull House
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13
Q

Basic sociology

A

Analyzing some aspect of society with no goal other than gaining knowledge

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14
Q

Applied sociology

A

Using sociology to solve problems
Ex. NAACP

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15
Q

Public Sociology

A

Middle ground between research and reform; benefit the public

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16
Q

Theory

A

General statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; explanation of how 2 or more facts are related to one another

17
Q

3 major theories

A

Symbolic interaction, functional analysis, conflict theory

18
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A
  • Symbols are key to understanding how we view the world and communicate with one another
  • George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley
  • micro: face to face interaction
19
Q

Functional Analysis

A
  • Society is a whole unit made up of parts that work together
  • when all parts of society fulfill their functions, society is in normal state
  • when they do not, society is in abnormal/ pathological state
  • macro: large scaled patterns of society
20
Q

Robert Merton

A

Functionalism: society is a whole composed of parts that work together

21
Q

Manifest functions

A

action intended to help part of a system

22
Q

Latent functions

A

Unintended consequences that help a system adjust

23
Q

Conflict Theory

A
  • Society is composed of groups that are competing with one another for scarce resources
  • Karl Marx
  • class conflict
  • macro
24
Q

Surveys

A
  • narrow the population: target group
  • sample: individuals from your target
  • random sample: everyone in population has same chance of being included in study
  • stratified random sample: subgroups,
  • respondents: people who answer the questions
  • close ended questions: followed by list of possible answers, ex. Age
  • open ended: answer in your own words
  • rapport: trust with respondents
25
Q

Participant Observation (Fieldwork)

A

researcher participates in research setting with observing what is happening

26
Q

Case Studies

A
  • Researcher focuses on single event/ individual
  • power dynamics/ motives
27
Q

Secondary Analysis

A

Researcher analyze data that have been collected

28
Q

Analysis of Documents

A
  • Study documents, records, papers
  • cannot be used to study social and emotional
29
Q

Experiments

A
  • determine cause and effect
  • experimental group and control group
30
Q

Unobtrusive Measures

A
  • observing the behavior of people who are not aware that they are being studied
  • can be unethical
    Ex. Cameras, 911 calls
31
Q

8 steps in sociological research

A
  1. Select topic
  2. Define problem
  3. Review literature
  4. Form hypothesis
  5. Choose research method
  6. Collect data
  7. Analyze results
  8. Share results

SOC 101 (5 decks)

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