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HEMOTOLOGY > CH. 1 > Flashcards

CH. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is hematology the study of

A

blood

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2
Q

how much blood does the avg person have

A

5 L

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3
Q

blood transports O2 from the ____ to the _____

A

lungs
tissues

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4
Q

what does blood get rid of in tissues

A

CO2

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5
Q

what is the matrix of blood

A

plasma

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6
Q

what is the liquid portion of blood called

A

plasma

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7
Q

what kind of tissue is blood

A

connective

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8
Q

what makes blood a connective tissue and why

A

plasma because it is a matrix

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9
Q

what causes blood to be red

A

iron

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10
Q

True or false: RBCs have a nucleus after they leave the bone marrow

A

F

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11
Q

what kind of RBCs would you see in a person with anemia

A

lots of nucleated RBC

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12
Q

what causes there to be lots of nucleated RBCs in people with anemia

A

bone marrow is pushing out every RBC to compensate for the lack of RBCs

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13
Q

what did Kircher find in blood that he described as worms

A

fibrin clots

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14
Q

what did leeuwenhoek do for hematology

A

improved the microscope

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15
Q

how did Bizzozero describe platelets

A

petite plaques

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16
Q

what did wright invent

A

the wright stain

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17
Q

where would you find nucleated RBCs

A

in bone marrow

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18
Q

what shape are RBCs

A

biconcave disc

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19
Q

what protein is in RBCs

A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

how many molecules of hemoglobin are in 1 RBC

A

around 200 - 300 million

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21
Q

what is the diameter of a RBC

A

6 - 8 microns

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22
Q

true or false: there is less hemoglobin in the center of a RBC and more towards the edges

A

T

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23
Q

where are the smallest arterioles in the body

A

spleen

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24
Q

true or false: a RBC can NOT fit into anything smaller than its diameter

A

F

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25
Q

what allows RBCs to fit into small spaces

A

their shape

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26
Q

(vol RBC/ vol whole blood) x 100% =

A

hematocrit

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27
Q

what is the normal range of hematocrit in males

A

40 - 52%

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28
Q

what is the normal range of hematocrit in females

A

35 - 47%

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29
Q

what is a reticulocyte

A

young RBC

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30
Q

what would cause a decrease in hematocrit levels suddenly (2)

A

RBCs are being destroyed or bone marrow can not make RBCs

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31
Q

if you were to spin down a tube of blood what would be the order of the liquid in the tube from top to bottom

A

plasma
buffy coat
RBCs and hematocrit

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32
Q

what cells make up the buffy coat

A

leukocytes and platelets

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33
Q

why do reticulocytes contain RNA

A

because the still have their nucleus with proteins inside

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34
Q

true or false: reticulocytes sometimes have ribosomes

A

T

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35
Q

what color do reticulocytes stain

A

slightly blue gray

36
Q

why do reticulocytes have polychromasia

A

because they have ribosomes/ RNA

37
Q

how long do reticulocytes have RNA

A

24 to 48 hrs

38
Q

rule of 3: ___ x 3 = ___ x 3 = ___

A

RBC
Hgb
Hct

39
Q

what wavelength is Hct conc measured

A

540 nm

40
Q

what does drabkin regent convert Hgb to

A

cyanmethemoglobin

41
Q

what is the normal ratio of Hct

A

45- 50 %

42
Q

what does drabkin reagent lysis

A

RBC

43
Q

what are indices

A

values that are calculated not measured

44
Q

how is mean red blood cell volume calculated if a slide is 2D

A

diameter of RBC is measured

45
Q

what is the formula for MCV

A

Hct x 10 / RBC count

46
Q

if a RBC has an MCV of less than 80 what is it called

A

microcytic

47
Q

if a RBC has an MCV of 80-100 what is it called

A

noromcytic

48
Q

if a RBC has an MCV of greater than 100 what is it called

A

anemias CHECK

49
Q

what does mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) measure

A

weight of hemoglobin in the average RBC

50
Q

what is the normal range of MCH

A

26-34 pg

51
Q

what does mean cell Hgb conc (MCHC) measure

A

conc of Hgb in the average RBC

52
Q

what is the normal range of MCHC

A

32-36 g/dL

53
Q

if RBC have normal color how would you describe them

A

normochromic

54
Q

if RBC have less color how would you describe them

A

hypochromic

55
Q

true or false: there is such thing as hyperchromic RBCs

A

F

56
Q

if RBC have above avg color how would you describe them

A

spherocytes

57
Q

words to describe blood smears from least to most

A

mild, moderate, marked

58
Q

what reflects the degree of RBC volume variation

A

RBC distribution width (RDW)

59
Q

if the RDW has lots of variation in size what is it called

A

anisocytosis

60
Q

what does it mean if the RDW is low

A

RBCs are pretty similar in size

61
Q

what is the normal range of RDW

A

12-14.5

62
Q

what is the normal range WBCs in adults

A

4.5-11 x 10 /L

63
Q

what is the normal range WBCs in newborns

A

9-30 x 10 /L

64
Q

what is the normal range WBCs in child over 1

A

5-17 * 10 /L

65
Q

decreased WBC count

A

leukopenia

66
Q

increased WBC count

A

leukocytosis

67
Q

what is a WBC differential

A

CLS count 100 WBCs and record what kind

68
Q

what WBC does HIV effect

A

lymphocytes

69
Q

what is the most common WBC in blood

A

neutrophils

70
Q

what is the least common WBC

A

basophils

71
Q

If there is an increase in eosinophils what does this tell you

A

asthma attack

72
Q

what are platelets

A

cell particles (cytoplasm)

73
Q

what is the normal range of platelets

A

150-450 x10^9 /L

74
Q

if a pt has spenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or bone marrow failure what will decrease

A

platelets

75
Q

if a pt has reactive thrombocytosis or essential thrombocythemia what will increase

A

platelets

76
Q

where do you find megkaryocytes

A

bone marrow

77
Q

def? stopping of a flow of blood

A

hemostasis

78
Q

what does hemostasis test for

A

platelets, vascular, and fibrinolytic

79
Q

true or false: fibrinogen is soluble

A

T

80
Q

true or false: fibrin is soluble

A

F

81
Q

what proteins are found in fibrin that help with clotting

A

myosins and actin

82
Q

how much fibrinogen do you have

A

4%

83
Q

what stain differentiates between lymphoblasts and immature WBCs and how

A

termainal deoxynucleotidyl transferase because it only stains the nucleus of lymphoblast

84
Q

what are the advantages of flow cytometry

A

very accurate and counts more cells

85
Q

what is karyotyping

A

look at genes and chromosomes

86
Q

what is the normal % of reticulocytes in blood

A

1.5-2.5%

87
Q

what is the normal range of MCV

A

80-100 fL

HEMOTOLOGY (6 decks)

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