CH. 1 Flashcards
what is hematology the study of
blood
how much blood does the avg person have
5 L
blood transports O2 from the ____ to the _____
lungs
tissues
what does blood get rid of in tissues
CO2
what is the matrix of blood
plasma
what is the liquid portion of blood called
plasma
what kind of tissue is blood
connective
what makes blood a connective tissue and why
plasma because it is a matrix
what causes blood to be red
iron
True or false: RBCs have a nucleus after they leave the bone marrow
F
what kind of RBCs would you see in a person with anemia
lots of nucleated RBC
what causes there to be lots of nucleated RBCs in people with anemia
bone marrow is pushing out every RBC to compensate for the lack of RBCs
what did Kircher find in blood that he described as worms
fibrin clots
what did leeuwenhoek do for hematology
improved the microscope
how did Bizzozero describe platelets
petite plaques
what did wright invent
the wright stain
where would you find nucleated RBCs
in bone marrow
what shape are RBCs
biconcave disc
what protein is in RBCs
hemoglobin
how many molecules of hemoglobin are in 1 RBC
around 200 - 300 million
what is the diameter of a RBC
6 - 8 microns
true or false: there is less hemoglobin in the center of a RBC and more towards the edges
T
where are the smallest arterioles in the body
spleen
true or false: a RBC can NOT fit into anything smaller than its diameter
F
what allows RBCs to fit into small spaces
their shape
(vol RBC/ vol whole blood) x 100% =
hematocrit
what is the normal range of hematocrit in males
40 - 52%
what is the normal range of hematocrit in females
35 - 47%
what is a reticulocyte
young RBC
what would cause a decrease in hematocrit levels suddenly (2)
RBCs are being destroyed or bone marrow can not make RBCs
if you were to spin down a tube of blood what would be the order of the liquid in the tube from top to bottom
plasma
buffy coat
RBCs and hematocrit
what cells make up the buffy coat
leukocytes and platelets
why do reticulocytes contain RNA
because the still have their nucleus with proteins inside
true or false: reticulocytes sometimes have ribosomes
T
what color do reticulocytes stain
slightly blue gray
why do reticulocytes have polychromasia
because they have ribosomes/ RNA
how long do reticulocytes have RNA
24 to 48 hrs
rule of 3: ___ x 3 = ___ x 3 = ___
RBC
Hgb
Hct
what wavelength is Hct conc measured
540 nm
what does drabkin regent convert Hgb to
cyanmethemoglobin
what is the normal ratio of Hct
45- 50 %
what does drabkin reagent lysis
RBC
what are indices
values that are calculated not measured
how is mean red blood cell volume calculated if a slide is 2D
diameter of RBC is measured
what is the formula for MCV
Hct x 10 / RBC count
if a RBC has an MCV of less than 80 what is it called
microcytic
if a RBC has an MCV of 80-100 what is it called
noromcytic
if a RBC has an MCV of greater than 100 what is it called
anemias CHECK
what does mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) measure
weight of hemoglobin in the average RBC
what is the normal range of MCH
26-34 pg
what does mean cell Hgb conc (MCHC) measure
conc of Hgb in the average RBC
what is the normal range of MCHC
32-36 g/dL
if RBC have normal color how would you describe them
normochromic
if RBC have less color how would you describe them
hypochromic
true or false: there is such thing as hyperchromic RBCs
F
if RBC have above avg color how would you describe them
spherocytes
words to describe blood smears from least to most
mild, moderate, marked
what reflects the degree of RBC volume variation
RBC distribution width (RDW)
if the RDW has lots of variation in size what is it called
anisocytosis
what does it mean if the RDW is low
RBCs are pretty similar in size
what is the normal range of RDW
12-14.5
what is the normal range WBCs in adults
4.5-11 x 10 /L
what is the normal range WBCs in newborns
9-30 x 10 /L
what is the normal range WBCs in child over 1
5-17 * 10 /L
decreased WBC count
leukopenia
increased WBC count
leukocytosis
what is a WBC differential
CLS count 100 WBCs and record what kind
what WBC does HIV effect
lymphocytes
what is the most common WBC in blood
neutrophils
what is the least common WBC
basophils
If there is an increase in eosinophils what does this tell you
asthma attack
what are platelets
cell particles (cytoplasm)
what is the normal range of platelets
150-450 x10^9 /L
if a pt has spenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or bone marrow failure what will decrease
platelets
if a pt has reactive thrombocytosis or essential thrombocythemia what will increase
platelets
where do you find megkaryocytes
bone marrow
def? stopping of a flow of blood
hemostasis
what does hemostasis test for
platelets, vascular, and fibrinolytic
true or false: fibrinogen is soluble
T
true or false: fibrin is soluble
F
what proteins are found in fibrin that help with clotting
myosins and actin
how much fibrinogen do you have
4%
what stain differentiates between lymphoblasts and immature WBCs and how
termainal deoxynucleotidyl transferase because it only stains the nucleus of lymphoblast
what are the advantages of flow cytometry
very accurate and counts more cells
what is karyotyping
look at genes and chromosomes
what is the normal % of reticulocytes in blood
1.5-2.5%
what is the normal range of MCV
80-100 fL
