ch 1 Flashcards
Observations of imprinting led to which of the following major concepts in child development? A) behavior modification B) observational learning C) the critical period D) the chronosystem
critical period
Erikson views psychosocial development as
A. A smooth, continuous flow.
B. A series of distinct stages.
C. Occurring by the same type of mechanism as shown by physical growth.
D. None of the options.
b distinct stages
Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky:
A) emphasized children’s capacity to shape their own development.
B) viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process.
C) believed that children undergo certain stage-wise changes.
D) focused on discontinuous change.
b
Which of the following behaviors is consistent with Vygotsky’s theory?
(And, if not consistent with Vygotsky’s perspective, whose perspective do they
resemble?
A) When his mother takes him to the grocery store, Tom is well-behaved
because he knows that his mother will reward him with candy.
B) When playing on the beach, Kelly builds the same sort of sand castle that she
observed her younger sister building a few days ago.
C) Yesica, a Brazilian child candy seller with no formal schooling, develops
sophisticated mathematical abilities as a result of her work.
D) When trying to solve a math equation, Otto tries several formulas before he
stumbles on the correct one and solves the equation.
C
According to ecological systems theory, a parent’s workplace is in the: A) microsystem. B) mesosystem. C) exosystem. D) macrosystem.
c
Ecological systems theory views the child as:
A) a blossoming flower, and it regards development as a maturational process,
similar to blooming.
B) developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels
of the surrounding environment.
C) a social being influenced primarily by observational learning, imitation, and
adult modeling.
D) a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes complex
information.
b
difference between age groups resulting from env events rather than dev processes are referred to as
cohort effects
marco studies intelligence by testing, one group of subjects when they are 4 8 12 and 16, what kind of design is this
longitudinal
correlation (r) of 0.0 means
no relation
research measures that involve watching childrens un prompted behavior in real life are referred to as
naturalistic observations
The view of a child’s mind as a tabula rasa emphasizes
the role of ______________ in shaping a child’s
development.
a. experience
b. active children
c. genetics
a
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are detailed, systematic observations of individual children. a. Mental tests b. Critical periods c. Baby biographies
c
In maturational theory, development consists of
______________.
a. the unfolding of a specific and prearranged
scheme or plan within the body
b. resolving conflicts between biological drives and
society’s standards
c. the cumulative impact of positive and negative
reinforcement
a
Ethologists show that some behaviors can only be
learned during ______________, when organisms
are biologically prepared for that learning.
a. the sensorimotor stage
b. a critical period
c. periods of positive and negative reinforcement
b
Operant conditioning + \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = social cognitive theory. a. maturation b. cultural context c. observational learning
c
