Ch 1 Flashcards
People recruited from the riffraff of the streets to aid law enforcement officials in locating criminals during the European Industrial Revolution
Thief catchers
A group of English crime fighters formed by Henry Fieldinf during the eighteenth century
Bow street runners
The name of London metropolitan police department officers; they were named this after Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel
Bobbies
One of the first criminal investigative bodies originally formed in England in the mid 19th century
Scotland Yard
A compilation of descriptions, methods of operation, hiding places, and the names of associates of known criminals in the 1850s
Rogues gallery
An event in 1966 by Thomas Byrnes who showcased all criminals arrested in the previous 24 hours
Mulberry street morning parade
An extensive management training course sponsored by the FBI
National Academy
Criminal data maintained by the FBI on wanted persons and property stolen from all 50 states
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
A US federal law enforcement agency tasked with drug offenses such as trafficking, manufacturing, and abuse of illicit drugs.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
A public prosecutor and later a judge from Graz, Austria, who in 1893 wrote the first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation.
Hans Gross
A Frenchman who in 1910 established the first forensic lab
Edmond Locard
A scientific principle that holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as scientific evidence in a criminal investigation
Locard’s exchange principle
An early criminal identification or classification system based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body, such as skeletal size, ear shape, and eye color, remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity. This system used a combination of photographs and standardized physical measurements.
Bertillon System
Another name for the Bertillon system that was based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body, such as skeletal size, ear shaping, and eye color, remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity.
anthropometry
the study of fingerprints
dactylography
the scientific analysis of blood
serology
a subspecialty of pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse
forensic pathology
reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for (not absolute proof of) the truth of the conclusion.
inductive reasoning
the process of reasoning from one or more general statements or premises to reach a logical conclusion
deductive reasoning
the process of proposing a likely explanation for an event that must then be tested.
abduction
an approach to crime solving that addresses crimes that have already occurred, such as murder, robbery, and burglary
reactive response
an investigative approach to crime solving in which criminal activity is investigated before it occurs
proactive response
prevention through deterrence that is sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal and by aggressive prosecution
preventative response
solvability factors
factors that logically guide the investigation and are likely to result in case solution
The first professional police forces were established in the USA at:
Boston 1837; New York 1844; Philadelphia 1854
What was the focus and goals of the RAND study
Focus: the investigation of “index” offenses: serious crimes such as murder, robbery, and rape
Goals: to determine how police investigations were organized and managed
What did the PERF study consider:
the roles played by detectives and patrol officers in the course of burglary and robbery investigations
The objectives of criminal investigations are to
1- detect crime 2- locate and identify suspects in crimes 3- locate, document, and preserve evidence 4-arrest suspects 5- recover stolen property 6- prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution
What is the premise behind the criminal investigation field
that people make mistakes while committing crimes
what are 3 resources for criminal investigators
1- witnesses 2- technology 3- training and experiences
In order to have purpose in what is being done, the investigator must have something in mind. That comes from
abduction
abduction keeps
guessing to a minimum
