Ch. 01 - OB & Mgmt

Question 1

organizations

Answer 1

social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort

Question 2

organizational behaviour

Answer 2

the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations

Question 3

human resources management

Answer 3

programs, practices, and systems to acquire, develop, motivate, and retain employees in organizations

Question 4

human capital

Answer 4

the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), embodied in an organization’s employees

Question 5

social capital

Answer 5

social resources that individuals obtain from participation in a social structure

Question 6

management

Answer 6

the art of getting things accomplished in organizations through others

Question 7

evidence-based management

Answer 7

translating principles based on the best scientific evidence into organizational practices

Question 8

classical viewpoint

Answer 8

an early prescription on management that advocated a high specialization of labour, intensive coordination, and centralized decision making

Question 9

scientific management

Answer 9

Frederick Taylor’s system for using research to determine the optimum degree of specialization and standardization of work tasks

Question 10

bureaucracy

Answer 10

Max Weber’s ideal type of organization that included a strict chain of command, detailed rules, high specialization, centralized power, and selection and promotion based on technical competence

Question 11

Hawthorne studies

Answer 11

research conducted in the 1920s and 1930s at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric, near Chicago, that illustrated how psychological and social processes affect productivity and work adjustment

Question 12

human relations movement

Answer 12

a critique of classical management and bureaucracy that advocated management styles that were more participative and oriented toward employee needs

Question 13

contingency approach

Answer 13

an approach to management that recognizes that there is no one best way to manage and that an appropriate management style depends on the demands of the situation

Question 14

mindfulness

Answer 14

a state in which people are highly aware of and attentive to what is happening in the present

Question 15

workplace spirituality

Answer 15

a workplace that provides employees with meaning, purpose, a sense of community and a connection to others

Question 16

organizational care

Answer 16

organizational values and principles centred on fulfilling employees’ needs, promoting employees’ best interests, and valuing employees’ contributions

Question 17

positive organizational behaviour (POB)

Answer 17

the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement

Question 18

psychological capital (PsyCap)

Answer 18

an individual’s positive psychological state of development that is characterized by self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience

Question 19

self-efficacy

Answer 19

confidence to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks

Question 20

optimism

Answer 20

an attribution all style that involves explaining positive events in terms of personal and permanent causes, and negative events as external and situation-specific causes.

Question 21

hope

Answer 21

preserving toward one’s goals and, when necessary, making changes and using multiple pathways to achieve one’s goals

Question 22

resilience

Answer 22

the ability to bounce back or rebound from adversity and setbacks to attain success

Question 23

thriving at work

Answer 23

a positive psychological state that is characterized by a joint sense of vitality and learning

Question 24

talent management

Answer 24

an organization’s processes and practices for attracting, developing, retaining, and deploying people with the required skills to meet current and future business needs

Question 25

work engagement

Answer 25

a positive work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption

Question 26

precarious work

Answer 26

work that is risky, uncertain, and predictable for workers

Question 27

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Answer 27

an organization taking responsibility for the impact of its decisions and actions on its stakeholders