[CG] chemical bonding

Question 1

how is an ion formed? (definition)

Answer 1

an ion is formed when an atom or a group of atom loses/gains electrons such that it subsequently acquired an electrical charge

Question 2

why do atoms lose/gain electrons?

Answer 2

to obtain a stable duplet/octet configuration in order to achieve greater stability

Question 3

what does ionic bonding involve? (process)

Answer 3

it involves the transfer of electric s from metallic atoms to non-metallic atoms. this occurs to allow atoms to acquire stable duplet/octet configuration.

Question 4

what is an ionic bond? (definition)

Answer 4

an ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 5

what does covalent bonding involve? (process)

Answer 5

covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between two non-metallic atoms

Question 6

why does covalent bonding occur?

Answer 6

covalent bonding occurs to acquire a stable duplet/octet configuration, forming a neutral molecule.

Question 7

when an ion is positively charged, did the atom lose or gain electrons?

Answer 7

it lost electrons.

Question 8

what is the charge and relative mass of a proton?

Answer 8

charge: +1
relative mass: 1

Question 9

what is the charge and relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 9

charge: 0
relative mass: 1

Question 10

what is the charge and relative mass of an electron?

Answer 10

charge: -1
relative mass: 1/1835

Question 11

what is a duplet configuration?

Answer 11

a duplet configuration has 2 electrons in the valence shell

Question 12

what is an octet configuration?

Answer 12

an octet configuration has 8 electrons in the valence shell

Question 13

what is the charge of cations?

Answer 13

and overall negative charge

Question 14

what is the charge of anions?

Answer 14

an overall positive charge

Question 15

how does covalent bonding differ from ionic bonding?

Answer 15

covalent bonding do’s not result in charged ions, unlike ionic bonding

Question 16

what are the key components of a dot and cross diagram for ionic bonding?

Answer 16

• electric configuration of each element
• number of electrons lost or gained
• the new stable configuration
• the filled shells

Question 17

what are the key components of dot and cross diagrams for covalent bonding?

Answer 17

• electric configuration for each element
• no. of electrons needed
• no. of electrons shared
• no. of unshared electrons