[HRS] human reproductive system

Question 1

what is the typical age range for the onset of puberty for boys?

Answer 1

12-14 years old

Question 2

what is the typical age range for the onset of puberty in girls?

Answer 2

10-12 years old

Question 3

what changes occur in the reproductive system during puberty in boys?

Answer 3

reproductive organs grow larger in size and start to produce sperm

Question 4

what significant event marks the onset of puberty for girls?

Answer 4

menstruation

Question 5

what are the two primary hormones responsible for driving changes during puberty?

Answer 5

testosterone (in boys)
oestrogen (in girls)

Question 6

what are five physical changes that’s occur during puberty in boys?

Answer 6

• rapid increase in height
• increased muscle development
• growth of facial and body hair
• deepening of the voice
• increased appetite

Question 7

what are four physical changes are typical during puberty in girls?

Answer 7

• rapid increase in height
• growth of breasts
• widening and rounding of hips
• growth of hair under the armpits and around reproductive organs

Question 8

what are the male reproductive organs?

Answer 8

• scrotum
• sperm duct
• penis
• urethra
• seminal glands
• testis

Question 9

what is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 9

keeps the testis slightly below body temperature, facilitating certain enzymatic reactions

Question 10

what is the primary role of testis in males during puberty?

Answer 10

produces sperm and testosterone

Question 11

how is semen produced in males?

Answer 11

seminal fluid excreted by sex glands combines with sperm in the sperm duct
(sperm + seminal fluid = semen)

Question 12

what is the purpose of the urethra in males?

Answer 12

it provides a common passage for the discharge of semen and urine

Question 13

what muscle is present in the urethra?

Answer 13

sphincter muscle

Question 14

what is the purpose of the sphincter muscle?

Answer 14

it prevents urine from coming out during ejaculation

Question 15

what is the function of the penis during sexual intercourse

Answer 15

it transfers semen to the female during sexual intercourse

Question 16

what are the female reproductive organs?

Answer 16

• ovary
• oviduct
• cervix
• vagina
• uterus

Question 17

what is the role of the oviduct in females?

Answer 17

it is the site of fertilisation

Question 18

what does the ovary produce during puberty?

Answer 18

ova, oestrogen and progesterone

Question 19

what is the function of the uterus?

Answer 19

it is the site of implantation and fetal development

Question 20

what is the cervix?

Answer 20

the cervix is the entrance to the uterus from the vagina

Question 21

how does the vagina function in the female reproductive system?

Answer 21

it holds the penis during sexual intercourse to receive sperm cells and serves as the birth canal for the fetus

Question 22

compare the shape and size of the female and male sex cell

Answer 22

female- large, spherical
male- small, streamlined

Question 23

compare the motility of the female and male sex cells

Answer 23

female: non-motile (swept along by cilia of oviduct)
male: motile (flagellum)

Question 24

compare the amount of cytoplasm present in female and male sex cells

Answer 24

female: abundant cytoplasm
male: very little cytoplasm

Question 25

describe the menstrual cycle and its regulation

Answer 25

the menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, and is regulated by oestrogen and progesterone
menstruation takes place when the uterine lining breaks down and is shed

Question 26

what is the approximate days of each part of the cycle

Answer 26

menstruation (day 1-5)
repair and growth of uterine lining (day 6-13)
ovulation (day 14)
further repair and growth of uterine lining (day 15-28)

Question 27

what is the role of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 27

it stimulates the repair and growth of the uterine lining

Question 28

what happens during ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

a mature ovum is released into the oviduct - this typically occurs 14 days before the start of the next menstrual phase

Question 29

what is the fertile period?

Answer 29

it is three days before and after ovulation. during this period, sexual intercourse can result in pregnancy

Question 30

what role does progesterone play during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 30

it maintains and further thickens the uterine lining - preparing it for embryo implantation

Question 31

how does the menstrual cycle change if fertilisation occurs?

Answer 31

the embryo will implant itself in the uterine lining, and menstruation does not take place

Question 32

what is heredity?

Answer 32

heredity is the process where genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring through the combination of two sets of 23 chromosomes from each parent

Question 33

what is fertilisation?

Answer 33

fertilisation occurs when the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the nucleus of an ovum to form a fertilised egg

Question 34

where does fertilisation take place?

Answer 34

it takes place in the oviduct

Question 35

when does fertilisation typically take place during sexual reproduction?

Answer 35

it occurs when a male ejaculates to deposit semen into the vagina during sexual intercourse

Question 36

what is the primary purpose of the male reproductive system during sexual reproduction?

Answer 36

its primary purpose is to produce and transport sperm for fertilisation