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CFD > CFD5- Pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

CFD5- Pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 primary germ layers?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
  • neural crest/ ecto-mesenchyme
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2
Q

Describe the ectoderm.

A

skin, neural tube, etc this comes from the Epiblast layer

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3
Q

Describe the mesoderm.

A

forms everything else and is from migratory cells of the epiblast layer

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4
Q

Describe the endoderm.

A

gut- this comes from the hypoblast

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5
Q

Describe the neural crest/ echo-mesenchyme.

A

from the ectoderm that migrates into mesoderm to form structures in head and neck

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6
Q

how is neural tube formed?

A

ectoderm

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7
Q

Describe the formation of feotus.

A

-sperm fusing with egg
-blastocyst formed
-Embryoblast differentiates into two components – epiblast and hypoblast
amniotic fluid seeping in to form the amniotic cavity –gaps formed so nutrients can get to the cells-this layer of animal cells will form ectoderm and endoderm
-The mesoderm forms and migrates in from the sides and forms a divide between the ectoderm and the endoderm
-neuralition
-The ectoderm migrates into the mesoderm and folds

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8
Q

what day do the arches form?

A

4th and 5th week

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9
Q

How do the arches change?

A

Cartilages are made very early and then disappear and replaced by bones

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10
Q

how is the stomatodeum (oral cavity) formed?

A

gap formed by the disintegration of a layer of cells from the oropharyngeal membrane

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11
Q

what are the arches separated by externally?

A

clefts/grooves

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12
Q

what are the arches separated by internally?

A

pouches

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13
Q

what is the only arch not lined by endoderm on the inside?

A

1

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14
Q

what lines all the arches on the outside?

A

ectoderm

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15
Q

what does each arch have?

A
  • artery
  • nerve
  • cartilage
  • muscle
  • ectoderm (outside)
  • endoderm (inside)- except 1st arch
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16
Q

what is the 1st arch called?

A

mandibular arch

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17
Q

what does the first arch form?

A

mandible

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18
Q

what is the mandibular arch made of?

A

mandibular and maxillary process

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19
Q

Describe the cartilage: meckel’s cartilage.

A

-Primitive support, largely disappears
-Forms:
2 bones:
-Incus
-malleus
2 ligaments:
-Sphenomandibular
-Sphenomalleolar

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20
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

-Body of tongue
-Muscles of mastication:
Temporalis, masseter, pterygoids
Mylohyoid, anterior body of digastric

21
Q

what nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

V (trigeminal)

22
Q

what is the blood supply of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

maxillary and carotid arteries

23
Q

Describe treacher-collins syndrome.

A

-Genetic-can be a simple as a single polymorphism.
-Failure of neural crest cell migration
-Facial Bone hypoplasia:
Mandible and zygoma
-Ear abnormalities
-Clefts
-Dental anomalies:
Tooth agenesis
Enamel deformities
Misplacement upper 6s

24
Q

what does the 2nd arch called?

A

hyoid arch

25
Q

what does the reicherts cartilage form?

A
  • Stapes
  • Lesser horn and superior hyoid body
  • styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
26
Q

what muscles are in the 2nd arch?

A

facial expression and posterior belly digastric

27
Q

what other tissues are in the 2nd arch?

A

thyroid gland and tonsil

28
Q

what nerve innervates the 2nd arch?

A

VII (facial)

29
Q

what does the 3rd arch form?

A
  • greater horn of hyoid
  • inferior hyoid body
  • root of the tongue
30
Q

what muscle is in the 3rd arch?

A

stylopharyngess muscle

31
Q

what nerve innervates the 3rd arch?

A

IX (glossopharyngeal)

32
Q

Whats in the 4th arch?

A

-Forms thyroid cartilage
-Pharynx and epiglottis
-Muscles:
Pharyngeal constrictor
soft palate

33
Q

what nerve innervates the 4th arch?

A

X (vagus)- sup. laryngeal

34
Q

whats in the 6th arch?

A
  • Cricoid + arytenoid cartilages
  • Larynx
  • Muscles of larynx
35
Q

what nerve innervates the 6th arch?

A

X (vagus) -inferior laryngeal nerve

36
Q

what is the 1st cleft/groove?

A

external auditory meatus and ear drum

37
Q

what happens to 2nd-6th clefts?

A

disappear -obliterated by the proliferating 2nd arch

38
Q

what is the 1st pouch?

A
  • Eustachian Tube
  • Middle ear cavity
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Ventral part obliterated by the tongue
39
Q

what is the 2nd pouch?

A
  • Tonsillar fossa

- Ventral part obliterated by the tongue

40
Q

what is the 3rd pouch?

A

inf. parathyroid gland and thymus

41
Q

what is the 4th pouch?

A

sup. parathyroid gland

42
Q

what is the only groove to persist?

A

1st as pharyngeal acoustic meatus

43
Q

what are the other grooves obliterated with?

A

cervical sinus as the neck develops

44
Q

where do the pharyngeal membranes appear?

A
  • in the floor of the pharyngeal grooves

- form where the epithelia of the grooves and pouches approach each other

45
Q

what seperates the endoderm of the pouches and ectoderm of the grooves?

A

mesenchyme

46
Q

what is the only pharyngeal membrane to not obliterate?

A

1st- becomes the tympanic membrane

47
Q

Describe how branchial fistula/cyst forms?

A
  • 2nd Arch fails to grow down sufficiently over 2nd-4th Clefts
  • Along anterior border of sternocleido-mastoid muscle
48
Q

Describe ectopic thyme or parathyroid tissue.

A

failure to migrate completely

CFD (10 decks)

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