Cervix Flashcards
CIN - Infos and associations
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Pre-cancerous
Increase risk of cervical CA
Associated with: smoking, HPV, immunocompromised, OCP >5 yrs, increase number children
CIN - Grading
CNI: mild dysplasia
CNII: moderate / marked dysplasia
CNIII: severe dysplasia + in situ carcinoma
Cervical cancer - S&S
Abnormal bleeding ➤ postcoital, intermenstrual, postmenopausal
Vaginal discharge
P
Advanced stage: constipation, haematuria, urinary incontinence, leg swelling, bone pain
Cervical cancer - cause
HPV
Cervical cancer - Dx/Ix
Cervical screening: Pap smear, cytology, HPV Colposcopy Cone biopsy Bloods (U&E, FBC, LFT) CT scans
Cervical cancer - Staging
0: not CA but biological changes
1: within cervix
2: spread outside cervix into surrounding area but not to pelvic wall and lower vagina
3: spread to pelvic wall and lower vagina
4: spread to bowel, lungs, bladder
Cervical cancer - Tx
➤ Depends on stage & abnormal changes Cone biopsy Loop excision Later stage: radical trachelectomy, hysterectomy, pelvic exenteration (remove uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, vagina, rectum) Radio +/- surgery
Cervicitis - Def
= inflammation of cervix
Cervicitis - S&S
Visible purulent exudate Endocervical bleeding (post-intercourse, during smear)
Cervicitis - Non-infectious causes
Local trauma Irritation (tampons) Radiation Chemical irritation (douche, latex) Systemic inflammation Malignancy
Cervicitis - Infectious causes
STI ➤ chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, trichomonad vaginalis
Cervicitis - Risk factors
Age (young)
Multiple partners
Alcohol
Drugs
Cervicitis - Tx & Ix
Infectious ➤ swab + antibiotics
Education
Patch testing for allergy
Diary
Cervical cancer - Prevention
Safer sex - condoms
Cervical screening
No smoking
Vaccination (Gardasil)
Cervical polyps - S&S
Abnormal bleeding
Discharge
Asymptomatic
