cervical vertebrae

Question 1

• Extend the chin placing the occlusal plane perpendicular to the tabletop.
• CR: Directed to C4 at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
• SS: shows the lower 5 cervical bodies, upper 2 or 3 thoracic bodies, the interpediculate spaces, superimposed transverse and articular processes, and the intervertebral disk spaces.
• also used to demonstrate the presence or absence of cervical ribs

Answer 1

AP AXIAL PROJECTION

Question 2

• Place the patient in a true lateral position.
• Depress the shoulder as much as possible.
• Elevate the chin slightly.
• CR: Horizontal and perpendicular to C4.
• demonstrates the lateral projection of the cervical bodies and their interspaces, the articular
  pillars, the lower 5 zygapophyseal joints, and the spinous processes

Answer 2

LATERAL PROJECTION / GRANDY METHOD
R or L position

Question 3

• “For functional studies of the cervical vertebrae”.
• show the motility of the cervical spine when hyperflexed and hyperextended.
• performed to demonstrate the normal anteroposterior movement or an absence of movement resulting from trauma or disease.

Answer 3

Lateral Projection/ Hyperflexion and Hyperextension
R or L position

Question 4

• Adjust the body and head at a 45-degree angle.
• Elevate the chin.
• CR: Directed to C4 at a cephalad angle of 15 to 20 degrees.
• shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles farthest from the IR and an oblique projection of the bodies and other parts of the cervical vertebrae.

Answer 4

AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION
RPO and LPO Positions

Question 5

• CR: Directed to C4 at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees caudad.
• shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles closest to the IR and an oblique projection of the bodies and other part of the cervical column.

Answer 5

PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION
RAO and LAO positions

Question 6

• Head Adjustment: The lower margin of upper incisors to mastoid tips must be perpendicular to IR.
• Mandible must be in continuous motion during exposure. The head must not move, and the teeth must not make contact.
• CR: Perpendicular to C4.
• To blur the mandible, use an exposure technique with a low mA and long exposure time (minimum of 1 second).
• shows an AP projection of the entire cervical column, with the mandible blurred if not obliterated.

Answer 6

AP PROJECTION / OTTONELLO METHOD / JAW WAGGING TECHNIQUE

Question 7

• Supine Position.
• Hyperextend the patient’s neck.
• CR: Directed to the lower margin of the thyroid cartilage at an average angle of 25 degrees caudad (range: 20 to 30 degrees).
• demonstrates the posterior portion of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, including the articular and spinous processes.
• useful for the demonstration of the cervicothoracic spinous processes in patient with “whiplash injury”

Answer 7

AP AXIAL PROJECTION / Vertebral Arch (Pillars) Projection / Lateral Mass Projection

Question 8

• These are used to demonstrate the vertebral arches or pillars when the patient cannot hyperextend the head for the AP or PA axial projection.
• patient’s head rotated 45 to 50 degrees, turning the jaw away from the side of interest.
• CR: Directed to exit the spinous process of C7 at an average angle of 35 degree caudad (range: 30 to 40 degrees).
• resulting AP and projections show the posterior arch and pillars of the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae with open zygapophyseal articulation.

Answer 8

Vertebral Arch (Pillars) / AP or PA Axial Oblique Projection
R and L head Rotations

Question 9

CR: Directed to C7 at an average angle of 35 degrees cephalad (range: 30 to 40 degrees) and exiting at the level of the mandibular symphyis.

Answer 9

For PA Axial Oblique Projection:

Question 10

cr of ap axial projection

Answer 10

15-20 cephalad

Question 11

cr of lateral mass projection

Answer 11

25 caudad (20-30)