Cervical Spine SD

Question 1

atypical vertebrae

Answer 1

C1 C2 C7

Question 2

where do nerves exit in the cervical spine

Answer 2

above the vertebral body

Question 3

where do the nerves exit in the thoracic and lumbar spine

Answer 3

below the vertebral body

Question 4

how many c vertebrae are visible on lateral view x-ray

Answer 4

C1-C7

Question 5

advantage of x-ray in emergent use

Answer 5

easy to use with backboard

Question 6

when is an x-ray indicated for office use

Answer 6

chronic neck/head pain despite conservative tx, neurological changes

Question 7

anterior displacement of body of C2 fracture of vertebral arch of C2 tearing of ligaments between C2 and C3 (traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2) - what fx?

Answer 7

hangman’s fracture

Question 8

no spinous process should be ____% wider than the one above or below, or else it is indicative of dislocation

Answer 8

50

Question 9

open mouth radiograph shows _____

Answer 9

view of C1 and C2

Question 10

lateral mass of C1 extends wider than the lateral masses of C2 - what fx?

Answer 10

burst (jefferson) fracture

Question 11

what does a 45 degree oblique view show

Answer 11

• intervertebral foramina - presence of osteophyte encroachment in spondylosis

Question 12

right posterior oblique shows what foramina

Answer 12

left foramina

Question 13

right anterior oblique shows what foramina

Answer 13

right foramina

Question 14

left posterior oblique shows what foramina

Answer 14

right

Question 15

left anterior oblique shows what foramina

Answer 15

left

Question 16

oblique view shows narrowing of vertebral foramina - what is indicated

Answer 16

MRI to assess soft tissue

Question 17

why do C2-C7 behave type II like

Answer 17

the uncinate process causes sidebending and rotation to occur in the same direction

Question 18

cervical flexion/extension degrees

Answer 18

45-90

Question 19

cervical sidebending degrees

Answer 19

20-45

Question 20

cervical rotation degrees

Answer 20

70-90

Question 21

what is the fulcrum in sidebending

Answer 21

the side towards which you’re inducing sidebending

• if you’re sidebending to the right, the fulcrum is on the right
• if you’re sidebending to the left, the fulcrum is on the left

Question 22

cervical ST indications

contraindications

Answer 22

cervical SD w/ significant ST component

fractures, open wounds, infection, DVT, coagulopathy, neoplasm

Question 23

cervical HVLA, ART indications

contraindications

Answer 23

cervical SD w/ identified ROM RB most likely from cervical facet joint, AA, or OA

RA, Down’s, vertebral/carotid artery disease, arthritidies, acute radiculopathy, Klippel-Feil, Chiari, dwarfism

Question 24

cervical MET/Still’s indications

contraindications

Answer 24

cervical SD

joint swelling, severe osteoporosis, neoplasm, infection, hematoma, RA, dislocation, fx

Question 25

why are RA and Down's contraindications to cervical HVLA

Answer 25

they can be associated with alar ligament instability dislocation of dens can cause rupture or laxity of the transverse ligament of the atlas --\> death or quadriplegia