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UQ MSK PT > Cervical Spine Biomechanics > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

How many DOF does AO have

A

3

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2
Q

how much flexion and extension does AO have

A

3.5 flexion, 21 extension

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3
Q

Biomechanics of OA flexion

A

CV occipital condyles roll anteriorly and glide posteriorly

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4
Q

Biomechanics of OA Extension

A

convex occipital condyles roll posteriorly and glide anteriorly

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5
Q

OA flexion is limited by

A

dens

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6
Q

OA extension is limited by

A

tectorial membrane and bony contact

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7
Q

OA flexion produced by

A

longus capitus and rectus capitus anterior

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8
Q

OA extension is produced by

A

RCP major and minor, semispinalis, splenius, and sup oblique

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9
Q

How much lateral flexion and rotation does AO joint have

A

6 lateral, 7 rotation

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10
Q

Biomechanics of OA lateral flexion

Why does lateral OA flexion cause CL rotation?

A

ipsilateral side: rolls ipsilaterally and glides contralaterally

produces contralateral rotation because tightens up contralateral alar ligament

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11
Q

biomechanics of OA rotation

A

ipsilateral side: posterior glide
CL side: anterior glide

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12
Q

how many degrees is considered hypermobility in the AO joint for rotation?

A

more than 8 degrees

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13
Q

what limits OA rotation??

A

Alar ligaments

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14
Q

How much flexion and extension does the AA joint have

A

11.5 flexion
11 extension

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15
Q

biomechanics of AA flexion

A

compression of anterior cartilage
Gap posterior
Atlas move inferior on dens

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16
Q

biomechanics of AA extension

A

compression of posterior cartilage
gap anteriorly
atlas moves superiorly on dens

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17
Q

what limits AA flexion

A

tectorial membrane

18
Q

what limits AA extension

A

anterior arch on the dens

19
Q

how much rotation does AA have

A

about 40 degrees or 50% of cervical rotation

20
Q

biomechanics of AA rotation

A

occurs before rest of cervical region
Atlas pivots around dens
Lateral joint: vertical screwing mechanism, like “telescoping”

(couples with lateral flexion to the opposite side)

21
Q

AA rotation is limited by

A

alar ligament

22
Q

AA rotation is produced by which muscles?

A

inferior oblique, RCP major and minor

23
Q

Osteokinematics of superior vertebral body C2-7 for flexion

A

anterior rock
anterior translation

24
Q

what limits anterior rock/translation of superior vertebral body C2-7 during flexion?

A

ant rock- extensor mm, PLL, interspinous and ligamentum flavum
ant translation- nuchael lig and disc

25
Q

Arthrokinematics of C2-7 inferior facets (flexion)

A

inferior facets of the superior vertebrae glide superiorly and anteriorly

26
Q

Arthrokinematics of C2-7 U joint (flexion)

A

anterior spin

27
Q

When is the volume of the spinal canal greatest?

A

full flexion

28
Q

where does the greatest amount of cervical flexion occur?

A

C5-6 (spondylosis and hyperflexion injury related fractures common)

29
Q

Describe osteokinematics C2-7 extension at the sup. vertebral body

and what limits these 2 things?

A

post rock- ant mm, ALL
post translartion- disc

30
Q

Arthrokinematics of C2-7 extension

A

inferior facets of the superior VB glide inferiorly and posteriorly

31
Q

what limits C2-7 extension

A

joint capsule

32
Q

Arthrokinematics of C2-7 U joint

A

posterior spin

33
Q

when is the volume of spinal canal least?

A

in extension

34
Q

most cervical extension happens where?

A

C5-6

35
Q

Osteokinematics of C2-7 lateral felxion, and # of degrees

A

ROM 35 degrees

sup, VB ipsilateral rock
CL translation

36
Q

what is the ipsilateral rock and CL translation of sup vertebral body during C2-7 lateral flexion limited by?

A

ipsi rock- CL scalenes and intratransverse lig
contra translation- disc

37
Q

Arthrokinematics of C2-7 lateral flexion

A

ipsi facet: glide inferior and posterior
contra facet: sup and anterior
Ipsi U joint: inferior medial glide
contra U joint: supero-lateral glide

38
Q

what limits C2-7 lateral flexion

A

joint capsule

39
Q

How much C2-7 rotation occurs

A

45 degrees

40
Q

osteokinematics of C2-7 rotation

A

superior VB
axial rotation
coupled with ipsilateral side flexion
translation follows side flexion

41
Q

arthrokinematics of C2-7 rotation

A

Ipsi facet: glides inferior and posterior
Contra facet: superior and anterior
ipsi U joint: inferior medial
contra U joint: superior lateral

UQ MSK PT (4 decks)

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