Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UQ MSK PT > Cervical Pathology > Flashcards

Cervical Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Suboccipital VBI can be cause by… (4)

A

congenital
OA subluxation
Trauma
Prolonged position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transverse VBI can be caused by…(5)

A

athlerosclerosis/embolism
osteophyte compression
disc herniation
congenital
tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteal VBI can be caused by…(4)

A

post-surgical compression
apical lung tumor
sympathetic n compression
athlerosclerosis/embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common causes of VBI… (4)

A

trauma, whiplash (blood supply to brain and cranial nerves become compromised)

congenital (unequal vertebral a. size)

manipulation with rotation thrust

intrinsic (athlerosclerosis, embolism, tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extracranial VBI distribution…

A

ipsilateral posterior neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical presentation of Non-ischemic (local) VBI

A

ipsilateral posterior neck pain and occipital HA
C2-6 cervical n root impairment (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical presentation of ischemic VBI

A

hind brain transient ischemic event (dizziness, diplopia, dysphagia, drop attacks, nausea, nystagmus, facial numbness, ataxia, vomiting, hoarseness, loss of short term memory, hypotonia/weakness, anhidrosis, perioral dysethesia, photophobia, papillary changes, clumsiness & agitation)
Hind brain stroke (wellenberg’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 typical cardinal signs of VBI

A

drop attacks, lip/peri-oral paresthesia or anesthesia, lateral nystagmus, bilateral or quadrilateral limb paresthesia, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Horners syndrome (5) signs

A

miosis (contraction of pupil)
Ptosis (droopy eye)
enophthalmos (recession eye ball)
anhydrosis (decreased sweating)
facial flushing (paralysis of cervical sympathetic n trunk due to lack of proper blood flow to VBI system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cause of wellenburg’s syndrom

A

(VBI pathology)
VBI to lateral medullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

wellenburg’s syndrome signs

A

dizziness, nystagmus, hemilateral paresthesia CL CN and long tract signs, ataxia, horner’s, +/- on lower CNS signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 tests for VBI

A

-de klyne’s, minimized deklyne’s, progressive deklynes
-hautant’s test (sitting)
-underburg test (standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What side are you blocking/testing with R rotation and extension during VBI testing?

A

occluding same side, testing opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 examples Spinal cord pathologies…

A

neurofibroma, meningitis, stenosis (osteophytes, cervical disc, lig flavum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 causes for n root radicular pain…

A

disc compression, foramina compression, traction injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CPG recommendations (2017) to rule in / out cervical radiculopathy

A

rule in: (+) spurling, distraction, valsalva
rule out: (-) ULTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clinical presentation of fracture

A

sudden onset of severe pain
sudden loss of function
immediate torticollis or fixed flexion
feeling instability
feeling locking
no ROM
extremely anxious about moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a hangmans fracture

A

pars interarticularis of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a jefferson fracture

A

a burst fracture of the atlas
It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the most commonly missed fracture?

21
Q

what is grisel’s?

A

Grisel syndrome is a condition of uncertain etiology characterized by a non-traumatic rotary atlantoaxial subluxation associated with a head and neck infection.

22
Q

Ligament injury examples

A

CV ligs – trauma, grisel’s, RA/AS, downs syndrome, long term steroid use

lig flavum buckling

lig sprain

23
Q

muscle pathology examples

A

tears–SCM, longus colli
infant/adult torticollis
trigger points
hypertonicity (facilitated segment/CNS involvment)

24
Q

S & S cervical HNP

A

none
severe pain
extensive referral
radicular pain
severe limitation of motion and function
radiculopathy

25
what is a rim lesion and what causes them?
Rim lesions are those injuries that occur around the edge of the disc, at the rim. associated with small osteophytes formation not related to natural aging--most likely due to trauma to the disc
26
referral patterns of cervical discs C4-7
4: base of neck level with clavicle 5: superior angle of scapula 6: mid scapula 7: inferior angle of scapula
27
imaging choice to detect disc protrusion/herniation vs foraminal stenosis
MRI CT
28
Z joint pathologies...
trauma arthritis degenerative arthritis (osteophytes, casular fibrosis, instability) Systemic arthritis subluxation
29
Benign HA examples
c spine impairment tension psychogenic overlay fatigue depression trauma
30
serious HA examples
CVA, tumor, VBI, intracranial bleed, life threatening trauma
31
possible sources of cervicogenic HA
structures innervated by C1-3 spinal nerves upper cervical synovial joints and muscles ** C2-3 disc vertebral and internal carotid a dura of upper spinal cord and posterior cranial fossa
32
C1 structures that can cause cervicogenic HA
AO joint Suboccipital m
33
C2 structures that can cause cervicogenic HA
median/lateral AA transverse AA and alar lig, tectoral membrain\ prevertebral m, SCM, traps, semispinalis/splenius m upper SC, post cranial fossa vertebral a, carotid a
34
C3 structures that can cause cervicogenic HA
c2-3 z joint / disc semispinalis/spenius, MF
35
what is convergence hypothesis
HA perceived in the forehead is the congervence btwn trigeminal n and cervical afferents HA percieved in occiput congervence btwn cervcical and other cervical afferents (greater occipital n--c2, lesser occipital n--c3, greater auricular n--c2-3)
36
cervicogenic HA (ICHD) description...
Unilateral HA without side shift HA starts in upper neck or occiput region, spreading to the oculo-fronto-temporal area mod to severe, non-throbbing, non lancinating pain pain triggered by neck movements or sustained awk positions reduced ROM c spine pain elicited by external pressure on upper cervical joints (C0-3)
37
what are the tests for cervicogenic HA
Cervical flexion rotation test--upper cer joint dysfunction, HA reproduction, decreased rotation in end-range flexion ( <<40 degrees, cut off score 32 degrees using CROM) PAVIM central PA glides (reduced motion at C0-3)
38
diagnostic criteria for cervical tension type HA
bilat location for 15 days to 3 months pressing or tightening (non pulsating pain) mild to mod pain NPRS < 7/10 lack of aggrevation during PA
39
diagnostic criteria for cervical tension type HA
bilat location for 15 days to 3 months pressing or tightening (non pulsating pain) mild to mod pain NPRS < 7/10 lack of aggravation during PA NO photophobia, phonophobia, vomiting, nausea during HA
40
common findings for cervical tension type HA
myofacial trigger points upper trap, SCM, temporalis reduced neck mobility forward head
41
migraine S & S
unilateral pulsating lasting 4-72 hrs mod to severe HA, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia associated with hormone level; common in women may or may not have aura
42
cluster HA S&S
unilat, aorund one eye or side of face from neck to temples severe sudden burning sharp, ofthen involving stuffy nose and swollen eyes occurs repeatedly at same time 2-3 hrs after asleep every day for several weeks then goes away
43
Occipital neuralgia S&S
greater and lesser n irritation unilateral, piercing, throbbing, electric shock like chronic pain caused by trauma, pinching nerves by muscles, osteophytes/tumors, gout, diabetes, vasculitis
44
trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia
stabbing/electric shock like pain in parts of face caused by MS or trigeminal n compression from a swollen blood vessel or tumor
45
caused of cervicogenic dizziness
dysfunction of upper cervical joint receptors or muscles flexion ext whiplash
46
cervicogenic dizziness physiologic mechanism
vasomotor changes due to irritation of cervical sympathetic chain VBI/vascular compression Altered proprioceptive input from upper cervical spine
47
tests for cerv. dizziness
rule out: VBI. vestibular function, upper cervical instability (alar/transverse) Cerv Dizziness: Positive cervical neck torsion test, pos smooth pursuit neck torsion test (especially post trauma), positive cervical relocation tests (joint pos errors), other MSK impairments
48
Poor sitting posture leads to...
forward head rounded shoulders shortened cervical extensors neck pain, cervicogenic HA and dizziness

UQ MSK PT (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions