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UQ MSK PT > Cervical Spine Anatomy > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Upper cervical spine levels

A

Occiput-C2

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2
Q

Lower cervical spine levels

A

C2-C7

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3
Q

Orientation of Atlas

A

Anterior, medial, superior

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4
Q

What allows more atlanto-occipital extension?

A

oprientation of superior facets (ant, med, sup)

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5
Q

What is the first palpable midline structure below occiput

A

Axis spinous process

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6
Q

Structure that extends just superiorly above axis

A

Dens

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7
Q

What makes the dens susceptible to frx?

A

hypodense below dens

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8
Q

What type of joint– occipito-Atlantal

A

condyloid synovial joint

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9
Q

Occipito-atlantal joint CC/CV rules…

A

CC superior facets of C1 articulate with CV occipital condyles

Roll and slide opposite (CV on CC)

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10
Q

where is the OA joint capsule thick?

A

posterior lateral

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11
Q

What type of joint is the AA joint

A

Median (atlanto-odontoid) joint
-pivot synovial joint
-odontoid (dens) rotates in an osteoligamentous ring

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12
Q

2 lateral synovial joints AA CC/CV

A

C1 CV
C2 CV

gives a lot of mobility / rotation (50% occurs here) NOT congruent

large loose capsule

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13
Q

Which ligaments prevent anterior displacement of vertebral body of C1 on C2

A

Transverse and cruciform

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14
Q

Which ligaments limit AA flexion

A

transverse and cruciform

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15
Q

Which ligament holds the dens of the axis to the atlas?

A

transverse

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16
Q

Which cervical ligaments provide sagittal plane stability

A

transverse/cruciform

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17
Q

Which cervical lig. hold dens to the medial aspect of the occipital condyles

A

Alar

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18
Q

Orientation of the Alar Lig

A

sup, post, lateral (varies)

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19
Q

What does Alar ligament limit?

A

flexion, CL rotation and SB
prevents distraction of C1 on C2

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20
Q

Continuation of ALL lig
From C2 to the occiput (ant foramen magnum)
Anterior surface of C1 and C2

A

Ant atlantooccipital membrane (btwn OA) & ant atlantoaxial ligament (btwn AA)

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21
Q

– within the spinal canal on the posterior surface of the C1 and C2
– continuation of the PLL lig

A

tectoral membrane

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22
Q

What does the tectorial membrane limit?

A

– limits upper cervical flexion and holds the occiput off the atlas

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23
Q

continuation of the ligament flava
from C2 to the occiput (posterior foramen magnum)

A

post atlanto-occipital membrane and post atlanto-axial ligament

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24
Q

Rectus Capitus Post Major
actions:

A

capital ext
ipsilateral lateral flexion

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25
Q

Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
actions:

A

Capital (AO) extension
ipsilateral lateral flexion (minimum)

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26
Q

Oblique capitus superior
actions:

A

capital AO extension
ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation

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27
Q

Oblique capitus inferior
actions:

A

capital AA extension
ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation

28
Q

segmental stabilizer and provide proprioception

A

MF

29
Q

Rectus Capitus Anterior

is deep to….
OI?
Action?

A

deep to longus capitus
anterior C1 lat mass to base of occiput
CV flexion

30
Q

Rectus Capitus Lateralis
OI?
Action

A

C1 TP to occiput
CV lateral flexion
a weak CV flexor when contracts BILAT

31
Q

what does the uncinate process limit

A

rotation

32
Q

Uncinate process is where?

A

Cervical PL VB

33
Q

C2-C7 spine VB
transverse diameter is _____ than AP diameter and height
sellar sup surface: ____ med-lat and ____ ant-post

A

greater
CC
CV

34
Q

Most commonly involved nerves

A

C5-6

35
Q

Cervical TP has foramen for

A

vertebral a, vertebral v, and venous plexus

36
Q

TP of Vertebral Arch
ANT tubercle:

A

longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior

37
Q

TP of vertebral arch
POST tubercle

A

Splenius, longissimus cervicis, iliocostalis cervisis, levator scpaulae, scalenus medius/posterior

38
Q

What joint bears most of axial loading

A

Zygapophyseal joint

39
Q

C2-C7 ___degrees above horizontal
C7-T1 ___degrees above horizontal

A

45
10

40
Q

Z joint
Superior Facets face…
inferior facets face…

A

superior and lateral
inferior and medial

41
Q

Ant vs post cervical joint capsule

A

anterior is strong, post is weak

42
Q

what does the cervical joint capsule limit?

A

extreme intervertebral motions

43
Q

what is the cerv. joint capsule reinforced by?

A

MF, lig flavum (ant capsule)

44
Q

Ligament
-sacrum to C2
-Narrow in upper cervical and wider in lower cervical
-Limits extension or excessive lordosis

A

ALL

45
Q

Ligament?
-Within vertebral canal
-sacrum to C2
-broader and thicker in cervical region
-limits flexion and prevents disc protrusion

A

PLL

46
Q

Ligament?
- btwn laminas
-sacrum to C2
-Extends laterally to cover z joint
-limits flexion
-maintains tension when head and neck are in neutral

A

Ligament Flavum

47
Q

thickening of this ligament increases the liklihood of spinal nerve/root impingement

A

lig flavum
(spinal stenosis more common in c spine, disc more common in l spine)

48
Q

where is lig flavum weakest?

A

mid cervical

49
Q

Ligament?
-SP to SP posteriorly
-continuation of supraspinous lig, C7 to external occipital protuberance

A

Lig Nuchae

50
Q

which lig pulls the vertebrae posteriorly during cervical flexion, limiting ant translation (limiting cervical flexion)

A

nuchae

51
Q

ligament?
-btwn adj spinous processes
-not well developed in c region
limits flexion

A

interspinous lig

52
Q

height of cervical disc
disc to body height ratio

central/peripheral portions are called

A

5-6mm
1:3
nucleus pulposis, annulus fibrosis

53
Q

Degeneration of disc – characterized by…

newborns % h2o
child 14 yrs % h2o
70 yrs % h2

A

decline of hydrophilic properties

88
80
70

54
Q

Splitting along the post aspect of the disc
(horizontal, disc is degenerated)

A

cervical cleft

55
Q

Function cervical vs lumbar

A

axial rotation
weight bearing

56
Q

Nucleus ar birth cervical vs lumbar

A

25% disc
50% disc

57
Q

annular layers cervical vs lumbar

A

indistinct
distinct, 65 deg to vertical

58
Q

Cleft cervical vs lumbar

A

posterolateral disc, horizontal
circumferential and radial

59
Q

Height cervical vs lumbar

A

thin
thick

60
Q

nerve supply cervical vs lumbar

A

outer 1/3 (> lumbar spine)
outer 1/3

61
Q

Trapezius:

contracting unilaterally:
Contracting bilaterally:

A

produces extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

extension

62
Q

Splenius cervicis and capitis

contracting unilaterally:
Contracting bilaterally:

A

ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation
extension (travels med to lat)

63
Q

SCM sternal and clavicular head
Unilaterally-
Bilaterally-

A

ipsilateral lateral flexion and CL rotation
Flexes lower cervical and extends upper cervical spine

64
Q

Scalenes attachments
ant, med
posterior

A

1 rib
2 rib

65
Q

scalenes
if c spine is stabilized
if ribs are stabilized (contracting unilaterally / bilaterally)

A

raise the ribs, assisting breathing

Unilateral: ipsilateral flexors and weak CL rotators
Bilateral: weak lower cervical flexors

66
Q

Longus capitis and colli (stabilizers)

A

lateral/anterior VB attachment! (function: nodding)

CV & cervical flexion
resist to compression of head
Often injured during hyperextension whiplash injury

UQ MSK PT (4 decks)

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