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Axial Anatomy > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the palpable bony points in the cervical spine?

A

Angle of mandible
Mastoid process
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal line

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2
Q

What are the nine palpable bony points in the cervical spine?

A

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyle

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

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4
Q

Which vertebrae doesn’t have a bifid spinous process?

A

C7

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5
Q

What shape are the spinous processes?

A

Short
Slender
Horizontal projection

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the transverse processes?

A

Stout projection
End in anterior and posterior tubercles
Has a foramen transversarium

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7
Q

What direction do the articular processes project?

A

Increasingly vertically and downwards

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8
Q

Is the cervical spine a lordosis or kyphosis?

A

Lordosis

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9
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae?

A

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
C7 - vertebrae prominens

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of C1 (atlas)?

A 
Anterior arch (articular facet for for odontoid)
Posterior arch (posterior tubercle)
Lateral mass
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11
Q

What are the characteristics for C2 (axis)?

A

Odontoid peg

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12
Q

What are the ligaments in the upper cervical spine?

A

Transverse ligament
Alar ligament
Apical ligament
Ligamentum nuchae

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the lower cervical spine?

A 
Anterior longitudinal ligament 
Posterior longitudinal ligament 
Ligamentum flavum 
Intertransverse ligament 
Ligamentum nuchae
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14
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

To prevent anterior displacement of the atlas on the axis

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15
Q

What do the alar ligaments limit?

A

Flexion
Lateral Flexion
Rotation

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16
Q

What does ligamentum nuchae limit?

A

Flexion

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17
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Extension

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18
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Flexion

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19
Q

What does ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Flexion

Rotation

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20
Q

What joints are in the cervical spine?

A 
Intertransverse joint 
Facet joint
Joints of Luschka
Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-axial joint
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21
Q

What type of joints are the intertransverse joints?

A

Symphysis

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22
Q

What type of joints are the facet joints?

A

Synovial

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23
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Median - synovial pivot

Lateral - plane synovial

24
Q

What accessory movements are available in the cervical spine?

A

P-A spinous process

P-A transverse processes

25
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior midline of the neck
Lower border of mandible

26
Q

What runs through the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Carotid artery
Cranial nerve
Cervical nerve

27
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Mid 1/3 of the clavicle

28
Q

What passes through the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Subclavian artery
Jugular vein
Cervical nerve
Brachial plexus nerve

29
Q

What muscle ranges are available at the cervical spine?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Rotation 
Lateral Flexion 
Protraction 
Retraction
30
Q

How many degrees of Flexion are available?

A

70

31
Q

How many degrees of extension are available?

A

70

32
Q

How many degrees of rotation are available?

A

90

33
Q

How many degrees of lateral Flexion are available?

A

45

34
Q

What muscles control Flexion for the cervical spine?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Longus Capitis
Longus coli
Scalenus anterior

35
Q

What are the origins of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Medial 2/3 clavicle

Anterior surface of manubrium sternum

36
Q

What are the insertions of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Mastoid process

Superior nuchal line

37
Q

What are the actions of sternocleidomastoid in the cervical spine?

A

Flexion
Lateral Flexion of the head and neck
Rotation of the head and neck

38
Q

What are the origins of scalenus anterior?

A

Transverse processes C3-6

39
Q

What are the insertions of scalenus anterior?

A

1st rib

40
Q

What are the actions of scalenus anterior in the cervical spine?

A

Flexion of the neck
Lateral Flexion of the neck
Rotation of the neck

41
Q

What muscles extend the cervical spine?

A 
Upper fibres of trapezius 
Splenius Capitis 
Erector Spinae
Levator scapulae 
Splenius cervicis
42
Q

What are the origins of levator scapulae?

A

C1-4

43
Q

What are the insertions of levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula

44
Q

What are the actions of levator scapulae within the cervical spine?

A

Extension of the neck

Lateral Flexion of the neck

45
Q

What are the origins of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
C7-T12
Ligamentum nuchae

46
Q

What is the insertion of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 clavicle

47
Q

What is the function of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

Extension of the head and neck

Lateral Flexion of the head and neck

48
Q

What laterally flex the cervical spine?

A 
Levator scapulae 
Splenius cervicis 
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid 
Upper traps 
Splenius capitis 
Erector spinae
49
Q

What are the origins of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior - transverse processes C3-6
Medius - transverse processes C2-7
Posterior- transverse processes C4-6

50
Q

What are the insertions of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior - 1st rib
Medius - 1st rib
Posterior 2nd rib

51
Q

What are the actions of the scalene muscles in the cervical spine?

A

Lateral Flexion of the neck
Rotation (anterior) of the neck
Flexion (anterior) of the neck

52
Q

What muscles rotate the cervical spine?

A 
Sternocleidomastoid 
Splenius Capitis
Scalenus anterior 
Semispinalis cervicis 
Splenius cervicis
53
Q

What are the 3 different muscles of erector spinae?

A

Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Spinalis

54
Q

What movements does splenius cervicis produce?

A

Extension of the neck
Lateral Flexion of the neck
Rotation of the neck

55
Q

What movements does splenius Capitis make in the cervical spine?

A

Extension of the neck and head
Lateral Flexion of the head and neck
Rotation of the head and neck

56
Q

What muscles produce protraction in the cervical spine?

A 
Lower cervical flexors - Sternocleidomastoid, Anterior and middle scalene muscles & Longus colli
Upper cervical (capital) extensors - Semispinalis capitis, Longissimus capitis, Splenius capitis & Suboccipital muscles
57
Q

What muscles produce retraction in the cervical spine?

A 
Lower cervical extensors - Splenius cervicis, Semispinalis cervicis & Longissimus cervicis
Upper cervical (capital) flexors - Longus capitis & Rectus capitis anterior

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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