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Axial Anatomy > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the palpable bony points in the cervical spine?

A

Angle of mandible
Mastoid process
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal line

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2
Q

What are the nine palpable bony points in the cervical spine?

A

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyle

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

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4
Q

Which vertebrae doesn’t have a bifid spinous process?

A

C7

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5
Q

What shape are the spinous processes?

A

Short
Slender
Horizontal projection

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the transverse processes?

A

Stout projection
End in anterior and posterior tubercles
Has a foramen transversarium

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7
Q

What direction do the articular processes project?

A

Increasingly vertically and downwards

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8
Q

Is the cervical spine a lordosis or kyphosis?

A

Lordosis

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9
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae?

A

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
C7 - vertebrae prominens

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of C1 (atlas)?

A 
Anterior arch (articular facet for for odontoid)
Posterior arch (posterior tubercle)
Lateral mass
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11
Q

What are the characteristics for C2 (axis)?

A

Odontoid peg

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12
Q

What are the ligaments in the upper cervical spine?

A

Transverse ligament
Alar ligament
Apical ligament
Ligamentum nuchae

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the lower cervical spine?

A 
Anterior longitudinal ligament 
Posterior longitudinal ligament 
Ligamentum flavum 
Intertransverse ligament 
Ligamentum nuchae
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14
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

To prevent anterior displacement of the atlas on the axis

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15
Q

What do the alar ligaments limit?

A

Flexion
Lateral Flexion
Rotation

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16
Q

What does ligamentum nuchae limit?

A

Flexion

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17
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Extension

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18
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

Flexion

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19
Q

What does ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Flexion

Rotation

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20
Q

What joints are in the cervical spine?

A 
Intertransverse joint 
Facet joint
Joints of Luschka
Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-axial joint
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21
Q

What type of joints are the intertransverse joints?

A

Symphysis

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22
Q

What type of joints are the facet joints?

A

Synovial

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23
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Median - synovial pivot

Lateral - plane synovial

24
Q

What accessory movements are available in the cervical spine?

A

P-A spinous process

P-A transverse processes

25
What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid Anterior midline of the neck Lower border of mandible
26
What runs through the anterior triangle of the neck?
Carotid artery Cranial nerve Cervical nerve
27
What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Mid 1/3 of the clavicle
28
What passes through the posterior triangle of the neck?
Subclavian artery Jugular vein Cervical nerve Brachial plexus nerve
29
What muscle ranges are available at the cervical spine?
``` Flexion Extension Rotation Lateral Flexion Protraction Retraction ```
30
How many degrees of Flexion are available?
70
31
How many degrees of extension are available?
70
32
How many degrees of rotation are available?
90
33
How many degrees of lateral Flexion are available?
45
34
What muscles control Flexion for the cervical spine?
Sternocleidomastoid Longus Capitis Longus coli Scalenus anterior
35
What are the origins of sternocleidomastoid?
Medial 2/3 clavicle | Anterior surface of manubrium sternum
36
What are the insertions of sternocleidomastoid?
Mastoid process | Superior nuchal line
37
What are the actions of sternocleidomastoid in the cervical spine?
Flexion Lateral Flexion of the head and neck Rotation of the head and neck
38
What are the origins of scalenus anterior?
Transverse processes C3-6
39
What are the insertions of scalenus anterior?
1st rib
40
What are the actions of scalenus anterior in the cervical spine?
Flexion of the neck Lateral Flexion of the neck Rotation of the neck
41
What muscles extend the cervical spine?
``` Upper fibres of trapezius Splenius Capitis Erector Spinae Levator scapulae Splenius cervicis ```
42
What are the origins of levator scapulae?
C1-4
43
What are the insertions of levator scapulae?
Medial border of scapula
44
What are the actions of levator scapulae within the cervical spine?
Extension of the neck | Lateral Flexion of the neck
45
What are the origins of the upper fibres of trapezius?
Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance C7-T12 Ligamentum nuchae
46
What is the insertion of the upper fibres of trapezius?
Lateral 1/3 clavicle
47
What is the function of the upper fibres of trapezius?
Extension of the head and neck | Lateral Flexion of the head and neck
48
What laterally flex the cervical spine?
``` Levator scapulae Splenius cervicis Scalenes Sternocleidomastoid Upper traps Splenius capitis Erector spinae ```
49
What are the origins of the scalene muscles?
Anterior - transverse processes C3-6 Medius - transverse processes C2-7 Posterior- transverse processes C4-6
50
What are the insertions of the scalene muscles?
Anterior - 1st rib Medius - 1st rib Posterior 2nd rib
51
What are the actions of the scalene muscles in the cervical spine?
Lateral Flexion of the neck Rotation (anterior) of the neck Flexion (anterior) of the neck
52
What muscles rotate the cervical spine?
``` Sternocleidomastoid Splenius Capitis Scalenus anterior Semispinalis cervicis Splenius cervicis ```
53
What are the 3 different muscles of erector spinae?
Longissimus Iliocostalis Spinalis
54
What movements does splenius cervicis produce?
Extension of the neck Lateral Flexion of the neck Rotation of the neck
55
What movements does splenius Capitis make in the cervical spine?
Extension of the neck and head Lateral Flexion of the head and neck Rotation of the head and neck
56
What muscles produce protraction in the cervical spine?
``` Lower cervical flexors - Sternocleidomastoid, Anterior and middle scalene muscles & Longus colli Upper cervical (capital) extensors - Semispinalis capitis, Longissimus capitis, Splenius capitis & Suboccipital muscles ```
57
What muscles produce retraction in the cervical spine?
``` Lower cervical extensors - Splenius cervicis, Semispinalis cervicis & Longissimus cervicis Upper cervical (capital) flexors - Longus capitis & Rectus capitis anterior ```

Axial Anatomy (3 decks)

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