Cervical Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid
PA: Sternal head: manubrium along upper ant surface: Clavicular head: med 1/3 of clavicle along sup surface
DA: mastoid process along lat aspect, lat ½ of sup nuchal line
Innervation: Spinal accessory n. (CN XI), br of C2,3 ventral rami
Action: Unilaterally‐ ipsilateral SB & contralateral rot. of the head & neck; Bilaterally‐ flexes the neck
Anterior Scalene
PA: TP’s of C3‐6 at ant tubercles
DA: 1st rib at its scalene tubercle on rib’s inner border & ridge ant to groove for subclavian artery
Innervation: C4‐6 ventral rami
Action: OC‐ elevates the 1st rib; CC‐ Flexes, ipsilateral SB, & contralateral rot of neck
Middle Scalene
PA: TPs of C2-7 at posterior tubercles.
DA: 1st rib along superior suface between groove for subclavian artery and scalene tubercle.
Innervation: C3-8 ventral rami
Actions: OC- elevates the 1st rib; CC- ipsilateral SB the neck.
Posterior Scalene
PA: TPs of C4-6 at posterior tubercles.
DA: 2nd rib along ext border, post to serratus anterior attachment
Innervation: C5-7 ventral rami
Actions: OC- elevates the 2nd rib CC- ipsilateral sideband the neck
Longus Colli
PA: inf oblique: bodies of T1‐2 along ant surface; sup oblique: TP’s of C3‐5 on ant tubercles; vertical portion: C5‐T3 bodies along ant surfaces
DA: inf oblique: TP’s of C5‐6 on ant tubercles; sup oblique: ant tubercle C1 vertical portion: C2‐4 bodies along ant surfaces
Innervation: Ventral rami C2-6
Actions: Flexes the neck as a whole; provides postural support
Longus Capitus
PA: TPS of C3-6 at anterior tubercles.
DA: Inferior portion of basilar occipital bone
Innervation: Ventral rami C1-3
Action: Flexes the head
Upper Trapezius
PA: med 1/3 superior. nuchal line, ext. occipital protuberance, lig nuchae, SP C7
DA: post border lat 1/3 clavicle
Innervation: Motor: Spinal part of the accessory n. (CN 11) motor innervation; Sensory: Branches from ventral rami (C3,4)
Actions: OC: scapular elevation; CC: Unilaterally: ipsilateral SB, contralateral. Rot head and neck ; Bilaterally: extends neck and head
Levator Scapula
PA: TP C1-4 & post tubercles of TP C3,4
DA: Med border scapula between sup angle and root of spine
Inn: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) & branch of (C3,4) spinal Nerves
Actions:
OC‐ elevation and downward rotation of the scapula CC‐ ipsilateral SB & rot. of the neck
Suboccipital Muscles
Rectus capitus posterior major
Rectus capitus posterior minor
Obliqus capitus superior
Obliqus capitus inferior
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
PA: SP of C2
DA: lateral portion of inf nuchal line and occipital bone inf to it
Inn: Dorsal ramps of C1 (sub occipital nerve)
Actions: unilaterally: ipsilateral rotation
Bilaterally: extension of head
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
PA: Post tubercle of C1
DA: medial portion of inf nuchal line and occipital bone down to foramen magnum
Inn: Dorsal rams of C1 (subocciptal nerve)
Action: Extends head
Obliqus Capitus Superior
PA: Sup surface of TP of C1
DA: occiput between sup & inf nuchal lines; overlapping rectus capitus post major
Inn: Dorsal rami of C1 (sub occipital nerve)
Action: Ipsilateral SB of head
Obliqus Capitus Inferior
PA: SP of C2
DA: TP of C1 at inferoposterior aspect
Inn: Dorsal rami of C1 (subocciptal nerve)
Action: Ipsilateral rotation of head
Anterior Atlantoaxial Membrane
(ALL continuation)
- Resists upper cervical backward nodding.
Tectorial Membrane
(Continuation of PLL)
- Resists upper cervixal forward nodding
- Anterior to the spinal cord
- Covers transverse, cervical, and alar ligaments
Posterior Atlantoaxial Membrane
(Continuation of the Ligamentum Flavum)
- Resist sub cranial forward nodding
Alar Ligaments
- Resist distraction of C1/C2 and O-C1
- Resist contralateral rotarion
Resist lateral movements - Attaches to superolateral aspects of dens to lateral margins of the foramen magnum
Splenius Capitus
PA: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of the lowest cervical vertebra and the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae.
DA: Mastoid process and posterior aspect of the occipital bones
Suprahyoid muscles
Stylohoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid Muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Splenius cervicis
Spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae
Transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae
