Cervical Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleinomastoid
Superficial, long strap, 2 heads, runs anteriorly & laterally on neck, close to midline anteriorly, form boundary for both anterior & posterior triangles of the neck.
Proximal: STERNAL - upper ant. surface of manubrium
CLAVICULAR - sup. surface, medial 1/3 clavicle
Distal: lat. 1/2 sup. nuchal line and lat. surface mastoid process
Actions: bilaterally flexes, unilaterally ipsilaterally side flexes and contralaterally rotates, accessory respiration
Nerve: Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), Ant. rami C2-C3
Longus Capitus
Proximal: TP C3-6
Distal: Inf. surface occipital bone
Action: flexes head and neck
Nerve supply: Ant. rami C1-3
Longus Colli
Proximal: ant. tubercles of TP C3-5, ant. surface vertebral bodies C5-T3
Distal: Tubercle of ant. arch of atlas, ant. tubercles of TP C5-6, ant. surface vertebral bodies C2-4
Actions: Flexion, slight ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation
Nerve: Ant. rami C1-3
Rectus Capitis Anterior & Lateralis
Deep flexors and stabilisers at C0-C1, both run from atlas to occiput
Nerve: Ant. rami C1-2
Scalenes
Posterior: post. tubercles on TP C4-7, upper surface of rib 2 (ant. rami C5-7)
Middle: TP C2-7, upper surface of rib 1 (post. to subclavian groove) (ant. rami C3-7)
Anterior: ant. tubercles on TP C3-6, scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1 (ant. rami C4-7)
Actions: elevation of ribs 1 & 2 for respiration, cervical side flexion, cervical flexion
Levator Scapulae
Proximal: upper portion, med. border of scapula
Distal: TP C1-4
Actions: elevates scapula, bilateral extension, unilateral side flexion
Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) Ant. rami C3-4
Upper Trapezius
Proximal: sup. nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
Distal: lat. 1/3 clavicle
Actions: scapula elevation, unilateral side flexion, bilateral extension
Nerve: Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Erector Spinae
Bilateral spinal extension, unilateral spinal side flexion, UNILATERAL CERVICAL ROTATION
Splenius Cervicis
Proximal: SP T3-6
Distal: TP C1-3
Actions: bilateral cervical extension, unilateral ipsilateral cervical rotation
Nerve: post. rami lower cervical nerves
Splenius Capitis
Proximal: lower 1/2 ligamentum nuchae, SP C7-T4
Distal: mastoid process, skull inf. to lat. 1/3 sup. nuchal line
Actions: bilateral cervical extension, unilateral ipsilateral cervical rotation
Nerve: Post. rami middle cervical nerves
Suboccipital muscles
Small group of deep muscles in upper cervical region, connect C1,C2 and occiput
Includes:
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major: bilaterally extends head, unilaterally ipsilaterally rotates head
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor: extends head
Obliquus Capitis Superior: bilaterally extends head, unilaterally ipsilaterally side flexes
Obliquus Capitis Inferior: unilaterally ipsilaterally rotates
Nerves: Post. Ramus C1
Segmental muscles
Semispinalis - TP to SP
Rotatores - Articular processes to SP
Multifidus - Articular processes to SP
Interspinales - SP of adjacent vertebrae
Intertransversarii - TP of adjacent vertebrae
