Cervical muscles

Question 1

Splenius Capitis

Answer 1

O: spinous process of C7-T4, lugamentum nuchae
I: mastoid process, skull below superior nuchal line
N: posterior rami of middle cervical nerves
F: head extension (bilaterally), ipsilateral rotation of the head (individually)

Question 2

splenius cervicus

Answer 2

O: spinous processes T3-T6
I: transverse processes C1-C3
N: posterior rami of middle cervical nerves
F: neck extension (bilaterally) ipsilateral rotation of the neck (unilaterally)

Question 3

rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 3

O: C2 spinous process
I: occiput
N: posterior ramus of C1
F: head extension, ipsilateral rotation of head

Question 4

rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 4

O: posterior tubercle of atlas C1
I: occiput
N: posterior ramus of C1
F: head extension

Question 5

obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 5

O: spinous process of axis C2
I: transverse process of atlas (C1)
N: posterior ramus of C1
F: ipsilateral rotation of neck

Question 6

obliquus capitis superior

Answer 6

O: transverse process of atlas (C1)
I: occiput
N: posterior ramus of C1
F: head extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 7

sternocleidoma stoid

Answer 7

Distal:
SH - lat 1/2 sup nuchal line
CH - lat mastoid process

Proximal:
SH - manubrium of sternum
CH - sup 1/3 of clavicle

N: 
SH - accessory nerve 11 
      - branches of ant rami C2-C3
F: 
Neck: 1. flexion
          2. ips lat flexion (U)
          3. cont rot
Head: ext (B)

Question 8

trapezius

Answer 8

O:
[upper fibers] - superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
[middle fibers] - spinous processes C7-T4
[lower fibers] - spinous processes of T5-T12
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
N:
[motor] - accessory nerve 11
[proprioception] - C3-4
F:
- Scapular upward rotation during arm elevation, upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers adduct, lower fibers depress the scapula
- cervical extension (bilateral) and cervical contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion (unilateral)

Question 9

levator scapula

Answer 9

O: transverse process of C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C3-C4)
F: elevation of scapula; cervical extension (bilateral); cervical ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion (unilateral)

Question 10

scalenes

Answer 10

O: 
[middle] - transverse processes of C2-C7
[anterior] - anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6
[posterior] - posterior tubercles of vertebrae C4-C6
I: 
[middle] - upper surface of rib 1 & 2
[anterior] - scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1
[posterior] - upper surface of rib 2
N: 
[middle] - anterior rami of C3-C7
[anterior] - anterior rami of C4-C7
[posterior] - anterior rami of C5-C7
F: 
[anterior/middle] - rib 1 elevation 
[posterior/middle] - rib 2 elevation 
[All] - respiration/ coughing

Question 11

longus coli

Answer 11

O: 
[superior] - TP of C3-C5
[vertical] - vert bodies C5-T3
[inferior] - vert bodies T1-T3
I: 
[superior] - TP C1
[vertical] - vert bodies C2-C4
[inferior] - ant tubercles & TP of C5-C6

N: branches of ant rami C2-C6

F: neck flex

Question 12

longus capitis

Answer 12

O: transverse processes of C3-C6
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: branches of anterior rami C1-C3
F: head flexion

Question 13

rectus capitis anterior

Answer 13

O: anterior atlas and transverse processes
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: branches of anterior rami C1-C2
F: flexes the head at the atlanto-occipital joint

Question 14

platysma

Answer 14

O: superficial fascia of thorax
I: mandible
N: cervical branch of facial nerve 7
F: tenses the skin of the neck and can move the lower lip and corners of the mouth down

Question 15

subclavius

Answer 15

O: 1st rib btw rib and costal cartilage
I: groove on inferior clavicle
N: nerve of subclavius
F: pulls tip of shoulder down, pulls clavicle medially to stabilize SC joint, *respiration