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Clin Med Repro > Cervical D/O > Flashcards

Cervical D/O Flashcards

1
Q

Which area of the female reproductive system is sterile?

A

Uterus/Cervix

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2
Q

Before vaginal delivery

A

nulliparous

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3
Q

After vaginal delivery

A

Multiparous

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4
Q

What is the squamocolumnar junction?

A

Where the columnar cells meets the squamous cells of the cervix

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5
Q

Where does cervical cancer happen?

A

SCJ or in the transformation zone

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6
Q

What is it called when the SCJ moves inward over time?

A

Squamous metaplasia

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7
Q

Where do premalignant neoplastic changes occur?

A

Transformation zone

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8
Q

Yellowish translucent raised pearl-like lesions on ectocervix; 1mm-3cm

A

Nabothian cysts

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9
Q

Do you need to treat nabothian cysts?

A

No, they are benign!

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10
Q

Small, pedunculated neoplasms that originate from the endocervix; common in multigravidas over age 20

A

Cervical polyps

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11
Q

How do you treat a cervical polyp?

A

They are mostly benign but can be easily removed if desired

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12
Q

What can cervical polyps cause?

A

Asymptomatic or intermenstrual/postcoital bleeding and spotting

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13
Q

How do you remove a cervical polyp?

A

Grasp with forceps then twist

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14
Q

Causes purulent vaginal discharge, sometimes postcoital bleeding, urethritis symptoms

A

Acute cervicitis

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15
Q

What pathogens can cause acute cervicitis?

A 
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Candida
Bacterial vaginosis
Thricomonas (Strawberry cervix)
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16
Q

What does acute cervicitis put you at risk for if not treated?

A

PID

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17
Q

Symptoms include leukorrhea, vulvar irritation, postcoital/intermenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, low abd/back pain, dyspareunia

A

Chronic cervicitis

18
Q

When do you give antibiotics for chronic cervicitis?

A

ONLY if a pathogen is identified

19
Q

Narrowing of endocervical canal, usually at level of internal os

A

Cervical stenosis

20
Q

What can cause cervical stenosis?

A

Congenital
Hypoestrogenic state
Neoplastic
Post-surgical

21
Q

What does LEEP stand for?

A

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

22
Q

What does cervical stenosis cause?

A

Partial to full occlusion of the os, obstruction of menstrual flow that can lead to amenorrhea and/or infertility

23
Q

What are the two most common histologic types of cervical cancer?

A
  1. Squamous cell (69%)

2. Adenocarcinoma (25%)

24
Q

What is the 3rd most common GYN cancer diagnosis?

A

Cervical cancer

25
Q

In developing countries, what is the 2nd most common type of cancer and cause of death among ALL types of cancer in women?

A

Cervical cancer

26
Q

How much of a decrease has there been in the last 50 years in developed countries for cervical cancer?

A

75%

27
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

A

Early is frequently asymptomatic
Irregular or heavy vaginal bleeding
Postcoital bleeding

28
Q

What might you find on PE when you visualize the cervix in a patient with cervical cancer?

A

Cervix has raised, friable lesions

29
Q

How do you diagnose cervical cancer?

A

Histologic evaluation of cervical biopsy

30
Q

Where does cervical cancer originate?

A

At transformation zone (@ SJC or junction between squamous epithelium of ectocervix and glandular epithelium of endocervical canal)

31
Q

What is the management for cervical cancer?

A

Early-stage: Radial hysterectomy, fertility-sparing surgery, radiation with or without chemotherapy

32
Q

What is the principal method for cervical cancer screening?

A

Pap smear

33
Q

What does a Pap smear screen for?

A

Cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

34
Q

Which strains of HPV are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

35
Q

HPV 16 is associated with higher rates of _____ cancer

A

Squamous cancers

36
Q

HPV 18 is associated with higher rates of _____ cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

37
Q

When should you start/stop pap smears?

A

21 start 65 stop

38
Q

Do you check a pap smear if a patient is under age 21 if they are sexually active?

A

NO

39
Q

How often do you do a screening pap in patients 21-29

A

Every 3 years

40
Q

If a patient doesn’t have a cervix, do they need a pap smear?

A

No

Clin Med Repro (7 decks)

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